Organic light-emitting device

ABSTRACT

An organic light-emitting device having low-driving voltage, improved efficiency, and long lifespan includes: a first electrode; a second electrode facing the first electrode; a first layer between the first electrode and the second electrode, the first layer including a first compound; a second layer between the first layer and the second electrode, the second layer including a second compound; and a third layer between the second layer and the second electrode, the third layer including a third compound; wherein the first compound does not include a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic group comprising *═N—*′ as a ring forming moiety, and wherein the first compound, the second compound, and the third compound each independently include at least one group selected from groups represented by Formulae A to C:

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No.15/965,772, filed Apr. 27, 2018, which is a continuation of U.S. patentapplication Ser. No. 15/242,040, filed Aug. 19, 2016, now U.S. Pat. No.9,960,361, which claims priority to and the benefit of Korean PatentApplication No. 10-2015-0118277, filed on Aug. 21, 2015 and KoreanPatent Application No. 10-2016-0104281, filed on Aug. 17, 2016, theentire content of all of which is incorporated herein by reference.

BACKGROUND 1. Field

One or more aspects of example embodiments of the present disclosurerelate to an organic light-emitting device.

2. Description of the Related Art

Organic light-emitting devices (OLEDs) are self-emission devices thathave wide viewing angles, high contrast ratios, and short responsetimes. In addition, the OLEDs exhibit excellent luminance, drivingvoltage, and response speed characteristics.

An OLED may include a first electrode disposed (e.g., positioned) on asubstrate, and a hole transport region, an emission layer, an electrontransport region, and a second electrode, which are sequentiallydisposed on the first electrode. Holes provided from the first electrodemay move toward the emission layer through the hole transport region,and electrons provided from the second electrode may move toward theemission layer through the electron transport region. The holes and theelectrons may then recombine in the emission layer to produce excitons.These excitons change from an excited state to a ground state to therebygenerate light.

SUMMARY

One or more aspects of example embodiments of the present disclosure aredirected toward an organic light-emitting device having low drivingvoltage, high efficiency, and long lifespan.

Additional aspects will be set forth in part in the description whichfollows and, in part, will be apparent from the description, or may belearned by practice of the presented embodiments.

According to one or more example embodiments, an organic light-emittingdevice includes a first electrode; a second electrode facing the firstelectrode; a first layer between the first electrode and the secondelectrode and including a first compound; a second layer between thefirst layer and the second electrode and including a second compound;and a third layer between the second layer and the second electrode andincluding a third compound,

wherein the first compound, the second compound, and the third compoundmay each independently include at least one group selected from groupsrepresented by Formulae A to C, and the first compound does not includea nitrogen-containing heterocyclic group including *═N—*′ as a ringforming moiety:

wherein, in Formulae A to C,

ring A₁, ring A₁₁, and ring A₁₂ may be each independently selected froma C₅-C₃₀ carbocyclic group and a C₂-C₃₀ heterocyclic group, and

R₁, R₂, R₁₁, and R₁₂ may be each independently selected from:

hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group,a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, ahydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonicacid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof,a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group,and a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group;

a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group,and a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, each substituted with at least one selectedfrom deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, anitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, ahydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonicacid group or a salt thereof, and a phosphoric acid group or a saltthereof;

a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylgroup, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₁-C₆₀heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group,and a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group;

a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylgroup, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₁-C₆₀heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group,and a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, eachsubstituted with at least one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I,a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, anamidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acidgroup or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, aphosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenylgroup, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, amonovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a monovalentnon-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group; and

—N(Q₁)(Q₂), —Si(Q₃)(Q₄)(Q₅), and —B(Q₆)(Q₇),

wherein Q₁ to Q₇ may be each independently selected from hydrogen,deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitrogroup, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazonegroup, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid groupor a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₆alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, a C₁-C₆alkoxy group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkylgroup, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, aC₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromaticcondensed polycyclic group, and a monovalent non-aromatic condensedheteropolycyclic group,

a1, a11, and a12 may be each independently an integer selected from 0 to10,

a2 may be an integer selected from 0 to 2, and

wherein * and *′ each indicate a binding site to an adjacent atom.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

These and/or other aspects will become apparent and more readilyappreciated from the following description of the example embodiments,taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawing, which is a schematicview of an organic light-emitting device according to an exampleembodiment.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Reference will now be made in more detail to example embodiments,examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawing, whereinlike reference numerals refer to like elements throughout. In thisregard, the present example embodiments may have different forms andshould not be construed as being limited to the descriptions set forthherein. Accordingly, the example embodiments are merely described below,by referring to the drawing, to explain aspects of the presentdescription. As used herein, the term “and/or” includes any and allcombinations of one or more of the associated listed items. Expressionssuch as “at least one of,” “one of,” “at least one selected from,” and“one selected from,” when preceding a list of elements, modify theentire list of elements and do not modify the individual elements of thelist. Further, the use of “may” when describing embodiments of thepresent invention refers to “one or more embodiments of the presentinvention.”

An organic light-emitting device may include: a first electrode; asecond electrode facing the first electrode; a first layer between thefirst electrode and the second electrode and including a first compound;a second layer between the first layer and the second electrode andincluding a second compound; and a third layer between the second layerand the second electrode and including a third compound.

The first electrode may be an anode. The second electrode may be acathode. Descriptions of the first electrode and the second electrodeare as provided herein.

The first compound, the second compound, and the third compound may eachindependently include at least one group selected from groupsrepresented by Formulae A to C, and

the first compound may not include a nitrogen-containing heterocyclicgroup including *═N—*′ as a ring forming moiety. As used herein, * and*′ may each indicate a binding site to a corresponding adjacent atom.

In Formulae A to C, ring A₁, ring A₁₁, and ring A₁₂ may be eachindependently selected from a C₅-C₃₀ carbocyclic group and a C₂-C₃₀heterocyclic group.

In some embodiments, in Formulae A to C, ring A₁, ring A₁₁, and ring A₁₂may be each independently selected from a benzene group, a naphthalenegroup, a fluorene group, a benzofluorene group, a pyridine group, apyrimidine group, a carbazole group, a benzocarbazole group, and adibenzothiophene group.

In Formulae A to C, R₁, R₂, R₁₁, and R₁₂ may be each independentlyselected from:

hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group,a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, ahydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonicacid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof,a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group,and a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group;

a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group,and a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, each substituted with at least one selectedfrom deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, anitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, ahydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonicacid group or a salt thereof, and a phosphoric acid group or a saltthereof;

a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylgroup, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₁-C₆₀heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group,and a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group;

a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylgroup, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₁-C₆₀heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group,and a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, eachsubstituted with at least one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I,a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, anamidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acidgroup or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, aphosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenylgroup, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, amonovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a monovalentnon-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group; and

—N(Q₁)(Q₂), —Si(Q₃)(Q₄)(Q₅), and —B(Q₆)(Q₇),

wherein Q₁ to Q₇ may be each independently selected from hydrogen,deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitrogroup, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazonegroup, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid groupor a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₆₀alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, a C₁-C₆₀alkoxy group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkylgroup, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, aC₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromaticcondensed polycyclic group, and a monovalent non-aromatic condensedheteropolycyclic group.

In some embodiments, in Formulae A to C, R₁, R₂, R₁₁, and R₁₂ may beeach independently selected from hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I,a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, anamidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acidgroup or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, aphosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, and aC₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group;

a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group and a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, each substituted with atleast one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, acyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, ahydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a saltthereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, and a phosphoric acidgroup or a salt thereof;

a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, afluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, adibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, atriphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyrrolylgroup, a thienyl group, a furanyl group, an imidazolyl group, apyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, an oxazolylgroup, an isoxazolyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, apyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, anisoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, aquinazolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a benzoimidazolyl group, abenzofuranyl group, a benzothienyl group, an isobenzothiazolyl group, abenzoxazolyl group, an isobenzoxazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group, atriazinyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothienyl group, animidazopyridinyl group, and an imidazopyrimidinyl group;

a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, afluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, adibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, atriphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyrrolylgroup, a thienyl group, a furanyl group, an imidazolyl group, apyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, an oxazolylgroup, an isoxazolyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, apyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, anisoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, aquinazolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a benzoimidazolyl group, abenzofuranyl group, a benzothienyl group, an isobenzothiazolyl group, abenzoxazolyl group, an isobenzoxazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group, atriazinyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothienyl group, animidazopyridinyl group, and an imidazopyrimidinyl group, eachsubstituted with at least one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I,a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, anamidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acidgroup or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, aphosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₁₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, anaphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, abenzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group,an anthracenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, achrysenyl group, a pyrrolyl group, a thienyl group, a furanyl group, animidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolylgroup, an oxazolyl group, an isoxazolyl group, a pyridinyl group, apyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a quinolinylgroup, an isoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinylgroup, a quinazolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a benzoimidazolylgroup, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothienyl group, an isobenzothiazolylgroup, a benzoxazolyl group, an isobenzoxazolyl group, an oxadiazolylgroup, a triazinyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothienylgroup, an imidazopyridinyl group, an imidazopyrimidinyl group, and—Si(Q₃₃)(Q₃₄)(O₃₅); and

—N(Q₁)(Q₂), —Si(Q₃)(Q₄)(Q₅), and —B(Q₆)(Q₇),

wherein Q₁ to Q₇ and Q₃₃ to Q₃₅ may be each independently selected froma C₁-C₁₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenylgroup, a terphenyl group, and a naphthyl group.

In some embodiments, in Formulae A to C, R₁, R₂, R₁₁, and R₁₂ may beeach independently selected from hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I,a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, anamidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acidgroup or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, aphosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, and aC₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group;

a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group and a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, each substituted with atleast one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, acyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, ahydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a saltthereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, and a phosphoric acidgroup or a salt thereof;

a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a fluorenyl group,a naphthyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a triazinylgroup, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a quinazolinyl group,and a quinoxalinyl group;

a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a fluorenyl group,a naphthyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a triazinylgroup, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a quinazolinyl group,and a quinoxalinyl group, each substituted with at least one selectedfrom deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, anitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, ahydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonicacid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof,a C₁-C₁₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ alkoxy group, and a C₆-C₁₆ aryl group;and

—N(Q₁)(Q₂), —Si(Q₃)(Q₄)(Q₅), and —B(Q₆)(Q₇),

wherein Q₁ to Q₇ may be each independently selected from a C₁-C₁₀ alkylgroup, a C₁-C₁₀ alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, aterphenyl group, a fluorenyl group, and a naphthyl group, butembodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

In Formulae A to C, a1, a11, and a12 may be each independently aninteger selected from 0 to 10, and a2 may be an integer selected from 0to 2.

a1 in Formula A indicates the number of R₁(s). When a1 is 2 or more, aplurality of R₁(s) may be identical to or different from each other. a2,a11, and a12 may be each independently understood by referring to thedescription of a1 and the structures of corresponding Formulae B and C.

In some embodiments, in Formulae A to C, a1, a11, and a12 may be eachindependently an integer selected from 0 to 8, and a2 may be an integerselected from 0 to 2.

In Formulae A to C, * indicates a binding site to an adjacent atom.

In some embodiments, the first compound, the second compound, and thethird compound may each independently include at least one grouprepresented by Formulae A(1), A(2), B(1) to B(4), and C(1) to C(16):

wherein, in Formulae A(1), A(2), B(1) to B(4), and C(1) to C(16),

descriptions of R_(1a) to R_(1d) may be each independently the same asthe description provided in connection with R₁,

descriptions of R_(2a) and R_(2b) may be each independently the same asthe description provided in connection with R₂,

descriptions of R_(11a) and R_(11h) may be each independently the sameas the description provided in connection with R₁₁,

descriptions of R_(12a) to R_(12d) may be each independently the same asthe description provided in connection with R₁₂, and

* indicates a binding site to an adjacent atom.

In some embodiments, in Formulae A(1), A(2), B(1) to B(4), and C(1) toC(16),

R_(1a) to R_(1d), R_(2a), R_(2b), R_(11a) to R_(11h), and R_(12a) toR_(12d) may be each independently selected from:

hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group,a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, ahydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonicacid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof,a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, and a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group;

a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group and a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, each substituted with atleast one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, acyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, ahydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a saltthereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, and a phosphoric acidgroup or a salt thereof;

a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, and a naphthylgroup;

a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, and a naphthylgroup, each substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, —F,—Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an aminogroup, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, acarboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a saltthereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₁₀ alkylgroup, a C₁-C₁₀ alkoxy group, a phenyl group, and a naphthyl group; and

—N(Q₁)(Q₂), —Si(Q₃)(Q₄)(Q₅), and —B(Q₆)(Q₇),

wherein Q₁ to Q₇ may each independently be selected from a C₁-C₁₀ alkylgroup, a C₁-C₁₀ alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, aterphenyl group, and a naphthyl group.

According to an embodiment, the first compound may be selected fromcompounds represented by Formulae 1-1 to 1-3,

the second compound may be selected from compounds represented byFormulae 2H-1, 2D-1, and 2D-2, and

the third compound may include a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic groupincluding *═N—*′ as a ring forming moiety and may be selected fromcompounds represented by Formulae 3-1 and 3-2:

In Formula 3-1,

X₁ may be C(R₄₁) or N,

X₂ may be C(R₄₂) or N, and

X₃ may be C(R₄₃) or N.

In some embodiments, in Formula 3-1, X₁ may be C(R₄₁), X₂ may be C(R₄₂),and X₃ may be C(R₄₃). In this case, at least one of Ar₄₁ to Ar₄₃ mayinclude a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic group including *═N—*′ as aring forming moiety.

In some embodiments, in Formula 3-1, at least one of X₁ to X₃ may benitrogen (N).

In some embodiments, in Formula 3-1, X₁ to X₃ may each be N.

In Formula 3-1, R₄₁ to R₄₃ may be each independently understood byreferring to the descriptions thereof provided herein.

In Formulae 1-1, 1-2, 1-3, 2H-1, 2D-1, 2D-2, 3-1, and 3-2,

L₂₁ to L₂₄, L₃₁ to L₃₄, and L₄₁ to L₄₃ may be each independentlyselected from a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkylene group,a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkylene group, asubstituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenylene group, a substitutedor unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenylene group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ arylene group, a substituted or unsubstitutedC₁-C₆₀ heteroarylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted divalentnon-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a substituted orunsubstituted divalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group.

In some embodiments, in Formulae 1-1, 1-2, 1-3, 2H-1, 2D-1, 2D-2, 3-1,and 3-2,

L₂₁ to L₂₄, L₃₁ to L₃₄, and L₄₁ to L₄₃ may be each independentlyselected from a phenylene group, a pentalenylene group, an indenylenegroup, a naphthylene group, an azulenylene group, a heptalenylene group,an indacenylene group, an acenaphthylene group, a fluorenylene group, aspiro-fluorenylene group, a benzofluorenylene group, adibenzofluorenylene group, a phenalenylene group, a phenanthrenylenegroup, an anthracenylene group, a fluoranthenylene group, atriphenylenylene group, a pyrenylene group, a chrysenylene group, anaphthacenylene group, a picenylene group, a perylenylene group, apentaphenylene group, a hexacenylene group, a pentacenylene group, arubicenylene group, a coronenylene group, an ovalenylene group, apyrrolylene group, a thienylene group, a furanylene group, animidazolylene group, a pyrazolylene group, a thiazolylene group, anisothiazolylene group, an oxazolylene group, an isoxazolylene group, apyridinylene group, a pyrazinylene group, a pyrimidinylene group, apyridazinylene group, an isoindolylene group, an indolylene group, anindazolylene group, a purinylene group, a quinolinylene group, anisoquinolinylene group, a benzoquinolinylene group, a phthalazinylenegroup, a naphthyridinylene group, a quinoxalinylene group, aquinazolinylene group, a cinnolinylene group, a carbazolylene group, aphenanthridinylene group, an acridinylene group, a phenanthrolinylenegroup, a phenazinylene group, a benzoimidazolylene group, abenzofuranylene group, a benzothienylene group, an isobenzothiazolylenegroup, a benzoxazolylene group, an isobenzoxazolylene group, atriazolylene group, a tetrazolylene group, an oxadiazolylene group, atriazinylene group, a dibenzofuranylene group, a dibenzothienylenegroup, a benzocarbazolylene group, a dibenzocarbazolylene group, athiadiazolylene group, an imidazopyridinylene group, and animidazopyrimidinylene group; and

a phenylene group, a pentalenylene group, an indenylene group, anaphthylene group, an azulenylene group, a heptalenylene group, anindacenylene group, an acenaphthylene group, a fluorenylene group, aspiro-fluorenylene group, a benzofluorenylene group, adibenzofluorenylene group, a phenalenylene group, a phenanthrenylenegroup, an anthracenylene group, a fluoranthenylene group, atriphenylenylene group, a pyrenylene group, a chrysenylene group, anaphthacenylene group, a picenylene group, a perylenylene group, apentaphenylene group, a hexacenylene group, a pentacenylene group, arubicenylene group, a coronenylene group, an ovalenylene group, apyrrolylene group, a thienylene group, a furanylene group, animidazolylene group, a pyrazolylene group, a thiazolylene group, anisothiazolylene group, an oxazolylene group, an isoxazolylene group, apyridinylene group, a pyrazinylene group, a pyrimidinylene group, apyridazinylene group, an isoindolylene group, an indolylene group, anindazolylene group, a purinylene group, a quinolinylene group, anisoquinolinylene group, a benzoquinolinylene group, a phthalazinylenegroup, a naphthyridinylene group, a quinoxalinylene group, aquinazolinylene group, a cinnolinylene group, a carbazolylene group, aphenanthridinylene group, an acridinylene group, a phenanthrolinylenegroup, a phenazinylene group, a benzoimidazolylene group, abenzofuranylene group, a benzothienylene group, an isobenzothiazolylenegroup, a benzoxazolylene group, an isobenzoxazolylene group, atriazolylene group, a tetrazolylene group, an oxadiazolylene group, atriazinylene group, a dibenzofuranylene group, a dibenzothienylenegroup, a benzocarbazolylene group, a dibenzocarbazolylene group, athiadiazolylene group, an imidazopyridinylene group, and animidazopyrimidinylene group, each substituted with at least one selectedfrom deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, anitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, ahydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonicacid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof,a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, a cyclopentyl group, acyclohexyl group, a cycloheptyl group, a cyclopentenyl group, acyclohexenyl group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group,a pentalenyl group, an indenyl group, a naphthyl group, an azulenylgroup, a heptalenyl group, an indacenyl group, an acenaphthyl group, afluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, adibenzofluorenyl group, a phenalenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, ananthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, apyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a naphthacenyl group, a picenyl group,a perylenyl group, a pentaphenyl group, a hexacenyl group, a pentacenylgroup, a rubicenyl group, a coronenyl group, an ovalenyl group, apyrrolyl group, a thienyl group, a furanyl group, an imidazolyl group, apyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, an oxazolylgroup, an isoxazolyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, apyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, an isoindolyl group, an indolylgroup, an indazolyl group, a purinyl group, a quinolinyl group, anisoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a phthalazinyl group, anaphthyridinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, acinnolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a phenanthridinyl group, anacridinyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a phenazinyl group, abenzoimidazolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothienyl group, anisobenzothiazolyl group, a benzoxazolyl group, an isobenzoxazolyl group,a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group, a triazinylgroup, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothienyl group, a benzocarbazolylgroup, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, a thiadiazolyl group, animidazopyridinyl group, an imidazopyrimidinyl group, and—Si(Q₃₃)(Q₃₄)(Q₃₅), and

descriptions of Q₃₃ to Q₃₅ may be each independently understood byreferring to the description of Q₁ provided herein.

In Formula 1-2, L₂₅ may be selected from a substituted or unsubstitutedC₃-C₁₀ cycloalkylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkenylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀non-condensed arylene group, and a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀non-condensed heteroarylene group.

In some embodiments, in Formula 1-2, L₂₅ may be selected from:

a phenylene group; and

a phenylene group substituted with at least one selected from deuterium,—F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, anamino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, acarboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a saltthereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group,and C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group.

In Formula 2D-1, L₃₅ may be selected from a substituted or unsubstitutedC₆-C₆₀ condensed polycyclic arylene group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ condensed polycyclic heteroarylene group, asubstituted or unsubstituted divalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclicgroup, and a substituted or unsubstituted divalent non-aromaticcondensed heteropolycyclic group.

In some embodiments, in Formula 2D-1, L₃₅ may be selected from:

a pentalenylene group, an indenylene group, a naphthylene group, anazulenylene group, a heptalenylene group, an indacenylene group, anacenaphthylene group, a fluorenylene group, a spiro-fluorenylene group,a benzofluorenylene group, a dibenzofluorenylene group, a phenalenylenegroup, a phenanthrenylene group, an anthracenylene group, afluoranthenylene group, a triphenylenylene group, a pyrenylene group, achrysenylene group, a naphthacenylene group, a picenylene group, aperylenylene group, a pentaphenylene group, a hexacenylene group, apentacenylene group, a rubicenylene group, a coronenylene group, anovalenylene group, an isoindolylene group, an indolylene group, anindazolylene group, a purinylene group, a quinolinylene group, anisoquinolinylene group, a benzoquinolinylene group, a phthalazinylenegroup, a naphthyridinylene group, a quinoxalinylene group, aquinazolinylene group, a cinnolinylene group, a carbazolylene group, aphenanthridinylene group, an acridinylene group, a phenanthrolinylenegroup, a phenazinylene group, a benzoimidazolylene group, abenzofuranylene group, a benzothienylene group, an isobenzothiazolylenegroup, a benzoxazolylene group, an isobenzoxazolylene group, anoxadiazolylene group, a dibenzofuranylene group, a dibenzothienylenegroup, a benzocarbazolylene group, a dibenzocarbazolylene group, animidazopyridinylene group, and an imidazopyrimidinylene group; and

a pentalenylene group, an indenylene group, a naphthylene group, anazulenylene group, a heptalenylene group, an indacenylene group, anacenaphthylene group, a fluorenylene group, a spiro-fluorenylene group,a benzofluorenylene group, a dibenzofluorenylene group, a phenalenylenegroup, a phenanthrenylene group, an anthracenylene group, afluoranthenylene group, a triphenylenylene group, a pyrenylene group, achrysenylene group, a naphthacenylene group, a picenylene group, aperylenylene group, a pentaphenylene group, a hexacenylene group, apentacenylene group, a rubicenylene group, a coronenylene group, anovalenylene group, an isoindolylene group, an indolylene group, anindazolylene group, a purinylene group, a quinolinylene group, anisoquinolinylene group, a benzoquinolinylene group, a phthalazinylenegroup, a naphthyridinylene group, a quinoxalinylene group, aquinazolinylene group, a cinnolinylene group, a carbazolylene group, aphenanthridinylene group, an acridinylene group, a phenanthrolinylenegroup, a phenazinylene group, a benzoimidazolylene group, abenzofuranylene group, a benzothienylene group, an isobenzothiazolylenegroup, a benzoxazolylene group, an isobenzoxazolylene group, anoxadiazolylene group, a dibenzofuranylene group, a dibenzothienylenegroup, a benzocarbazolylene group, a dibenzocarbazolylene group, animidazopyridinylene group, and an imidazopyrimidinylene group, eachsubstituted with at least one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I,a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, anamidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acidgroup or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, aphosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, and aC₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group.

In Formulae 1-1, 1-2, 1-3, 2D-1, 2D-2, 3-1, and 3-2, b1 to b5, d1 to d5,and g1 to g3 may be each independently an integer selected from 0 to 3.

b1 indicates the number of L₂₁(s) in Formulae 1-1 to 1-3. When b1 is 0,*-(L₂₁)_(b1)-*′ may be a single bond. When b1 is 2 or more, a pluralityof L₂₁(s) may be identical to or different from each other. b2 to b5 maybe each independently understood by referring to the descriptions of b1and the corresponding structures of Formulae 1-1 to 1-3.

d1 indicates the number of L₃₁(s) in Formulae 2D-1 and 2D-2. When d1 is0, *-(L₃₁)_(d1)-*′ may be a single bond. When d1 is 2 or more, aplurality of L₃₁(s) may be identical to or different from each other. d2to d5 may be each independently understood by referring to thedescriptions of d1 and the corresponding structures of Formulae 2D-1 and2D-2.

g1 indicates the number of L₄₁(s) in Formulae 3-1 to 3-2. When g1 is 0,*-(L₄₁)_(g1)-*′ may be a single bond. When g1 is 2 or more, a pluralityof L₄₁(s) may be identical to or different from each other. g2 and g3may be each independently understood by referring to the descriptions ofg1 and the corresponding structures of Formulae 3-1 to 3-3.

In Formulae 1-1, 1-2, 1-3, 2H-1, 2D-1, 2D-2, 3-1, and 3-2,

Ar₂₁ to Ar₂₄, Ar₃₁ to Ar₃₄, and Ar₄₁ to Ar₄₃ may be each independently agroup selected from groups represented by Formulae A to C, a substitutedor unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstitutedC₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ arylgroup, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstitutedmonovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a substituted orunsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group.

In some embodiments, in Formulae 1-1, 1-2, 1-3, 2H-1, 2D-1, 2D-2, 3-1,and 3-2, Ar₂₁ to Ar₂₄, Ar₃₁ to Ar₃₄, and Ar₄₁ to Ar₄₃ may be eachindependently:

a group selected from groups represented by Formulae A to C;

a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a pentalenyl group,an indenyl group, a naphthyl group, an azulenyl group, a heptalenylgroup, an indacenyl group, an acenaphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, aspiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group,a phenalenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, afluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenylgroup, a naphthacenyl group, a picenyl group, a perylenyl group, apentaphenyl group, a hexacenyl group, a pentacenyl group, a rubicenylgroup, a coronenyl group, an ovalenyl group, a pyrrolyl group, a thienylgroup, a furanyl group, an imidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, athiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, an oxazolyl group, an isoxazolylgroup, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, apyridazinyl group, an isoindolyl group, an indolyl group, an indazolylgroup, a purinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, abenzoquinolinyl group, a phthalazinyl group, a naphthyridinyl group, aquinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, acarbazolyl group, a phenanthridinyl group, an acridinyl group, aphenanthrolinyl group, a phenazinyl group, a benzoimidazolyl group, abenzofuranyl group, a benzothienyl group, an isobenzothiazolyl group, abenzoxazolyl group, an isobenzoxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, atetrazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group, a triazinyl group, adibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothienyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, adibenzocarbazolyl group a dibenzosilolyl group, a thiadiazolyl group, animidazopyridinyl group, and an imidazopyrimidinyl group; and

a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a pentalenyl group,an indenyl group, a naphthyl group, an azulenyl group, a heptalenylgroup, an indacenyl group, an acenaphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, aspiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group,a phenalenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, afluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenylgroup, a naphthacenyl group, a picenyl group, a perylenyl group, apentaphenyl group, a hexacenyl group, a pentacenyl group, a rubicenylgroup, a coronenyl group, an ovalenyl group, a pyrrolyl group, a thienylgroup, a furanyl group, an imidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, athiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, an oxazolyl group, an isoxazolylgroup, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, apyridazinyl group, an isoindolyl group, an indolyl group, an indazolylgroup, a purinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, abenzoquinolinyl group, a phthalazinyl group, a naphthyridinyl group, aquinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, acarbazolyl group, a phenanthridinyl group, an acridinyl group, aphenanthrolinyl group, a phenazinyl group, a benzoimidazolyl group, abenzofuranyl group, a benzothienyl group, an isobenzothiazolyl group, abenzoxazolyl group, an isobenzoxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, atetrazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group, a triazinyl group, adibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothienyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, adibenzocarbazolyl group a dibenzosilolyl group, a thiadiazolyl group, animidazopyridinyl group, and an imidazopyrimidinyl group, eachsubstituted with at least one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I,a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, anamidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acidgroup or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, aphosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀alkoxy group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a cycloheptylgroup, a cyclopentenyl group, a cyclohexenyl group, a phenyl group, abiphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a pentalenyl group, an indenyl group,a naphthyl group, an azulenyl group, a heptalenyl group, an indacenylgroup, an acenaphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group,a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenalenyl group, aphenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, atriphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a naphthacenylgroup, a picenyl group, a perylenyl group, a pentaphenyl group, ahexacenyl group, a pentacenyl group, a rubicenyl group, a coronenylgroup, an ovalenyl group, a pyrrolyl group, a thienyl group, a furanylgroup, an imidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, anisothiazolyl group, an oxazolyl group, an isoxazolyl group, a pyridinylgroup, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, anisoindolyl group, an indolyl group, an indazolyl group, a purinyl group,a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, aphthalazinyl group, a naphthyridinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, aquinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, aphenanthridinyl group, an acridinyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, aphenazinyl group, a benzoimidazolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, abenzothienyl group, an isobenzothiazolyl group, a benzoxazolyl group, anisobenzoxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group, anoxadiazolyl group, a triazinyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, adibenzothienyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolylgroup, a thiadiazolyl group, an imidazopyridinyl group, animidazopyrimidinyl group, and —Si(Q₃₃)(Q₃₄)(Q₃₅),

wherein Q₃₃ to Q₃₅ may be each independently understood by referring tothe descriptions thereof provided herein.

In Formulae 1-3, 2H-1, 3-1, and 3-2,

R₂₁ to R₂₄, R₃₁, and R₄₁ to R₄₄ may be each independently selected fromhydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group,a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, ahydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonicacid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof,a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstitutedC₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ alkoxygroup, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, asubstituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, asubstituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀aryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, asubstituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a substituted orunsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, asubstituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensedheteropolycyclic group, and —Si(Q₄₃)(Q₄₄)(Q₄₅), where 043 to 045 may beeach independently understood by referring to the description of Q₁provided herein.

In some embodiments, in Formulae 1-3, 2H-1, 3-1, and 3-2,

R₂₁ to R₂₄, R₃₁, and R₄₁ to R₄₄ may be each independently selected from:

hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group,a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, ahydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonicacid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof,a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, and a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group;

a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group and a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, each substituted with atleast one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, acyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, ahydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a saltthereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, and a phosphoric acidgroup or a salt thereof;

a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, afluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, adibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, atriphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyrrolylgroup, a thienyl group, a furanyl group, an imidazolyl group, apyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, an oxazolylgroup, an isoxazolyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, apyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, anisoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, aquinazolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a benzoimidazolyl group, abenzofuranyl group, a benzothienyl group, an isobenzothiazolyl group, abenzoxazolyl group, an isobenzoxazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group, atriazinyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothienyl group, animidazopyridinyl group, and an imidazopyrimidinyl group;

a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, afluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, adibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, atriphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyrrolylgroup, a thienyl group, a furanyl group, an imidazolyl group, apyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, an oxazolylgroup, an isoxazolyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, apyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, anisoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, aquinazolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a benzoimidazolyl group, abenzofuranyl group, a benzothienyl group, an isobenzothiazolyl group, abenzoxazolyl group, an isobenzoxazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group, atriazinyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothienyl group, animidazopyridinyl group, and an imidazopyrimidinyl group, eachsubstituted with at least one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I,a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, anamidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acidgroup or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, aphosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₁₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, anaphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, abenzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group,an anthracenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, achrysenyl group, a pyrrolyl group, a thienyl group, a furanyl group, animidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolylgroup, an oxazolyl group, an isoxazolyl group, a pyridinyl group, apyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a quinolinylgroup, an isoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinylgroup, a quinazolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a benzoimidazolylgroup, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothienyl group, an isobenzothiazolylgroup, a benzoxazolyl group, an isobenzoxazolyl group, an oxadiazolylgroup, a triazinyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothienylgroup, an imidazopyridinyl group, an imidazopyrimidinyl group, and—Si(Q₃₃)(Q₃₄)(Q₃₅); and

—Si(Q₄₃)(Q₄₄)(Q₄₅), where Q₃₃ to Q₃₅ and Q₄₃ to Q₄₅ are as definedherein.

In Formulae 1-3, 2H-1, and 3-2,

c1, c4, h1, and h4 may be each independently an integer selected from 0to 4, e1 may be an integer selected from 0 to 7, and c2, c3, h2, and h3may be each independently an integer selected from 0 to 3.

c1 indicates the number of R₂₁(s) in Formula 1-3. When c1 is 2 or more,a plurality of R₂₁(s) may be identical to or different from each other.c2 to c4 may be each independently understood by referring to thedescription of c1 and the corresponding structure of Formula 1-3.

e1 indicates the number of R₃₁(s) in Formula 2H-1. When e1 is 2 or more,a plurality of R₃₁(s) may be identical to or different from each other.

h1 indicates the number of R₄₁(s) in Formula 3-2. When h1 is 2 or more,a plurality of R₄₁(s) may be identical to or different from each other.h2 to h4 may be each independently understood by referring to thedescription of h1 and the corresponding structure of Formula 3-2.

In some embodiments, in Formula 1-1, at least one of Ar₂₁ to Ar₂₃ may bea group selected from groups represented by Formulae A to C,

in Formula 1-2, at least one of Ar₂₁ to Ar₂₄ may be a group selectedfrom groups represented by Formulae A to C,

in Formula 1-3, at least one of Ar₂₁ and Ar₂₂ may be a group selectedfrom groups represented by Formulae A to C,

in Formula 2H-1, Ar₃₁ may be a group selected from groups represented byFormulae A to C,

in Formula 2D-1, at least one of Ar₃₁ to Ar₃₄ may be a group selectedfrom groups represented by Formulae A to C,

in Formula 2D-2, at least one of Ar₃₁ to Ar₃₃ may be a group selectedfrom groups represented by Formulae A to C, provided that the groupselected from Formulae A to C included in Formula 2D-2 includes—N(Q₁)(Q₂) (where Q₁ and Q₂ may be understood by referring to thedescriptions thereof provided herein),

in Formula 3-1, at least one of Ar₄₁ to Ar₄₃ may be a group selectedfrom groups represented by Formulae A to C, and

in Formula 3-2, one of Ar₄₁ and Ar₄₂ may be a group selected from groupsrepresented by Formulae A to C, and the other one of Ar₄₁ and Ar₄₂ maybe a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic group including *═N—*′ as aring-forming moiety.

In some embodiments, compounds represented by Formulae 1-1, 1-2, 1-3,2H-1, 2D-1, 2D-2, 3-1, and 3-2 may include a group selected from groupsrepresented by Formulae A to C.

According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the first compoundmay be selected from compounds represented by Formulae 1-1(1) to 1-1(4),1-2(1), and 1-3(1),

the second compound may be selected from compounds represented byFormulae 2H-1(1) to 2H-1(4), 2D-1(1) to 2D-1(4), 2D-2(1), and 2D-2(2),and

the third compound may be selected from compounds represented byFormulae 3-1(1), 3-1(2), and 3-2(1):

In Formulae 1-1(1) to 1-1(4), 1-2(1), 1-3(1), 2H-1(1) to 2H-1(4),2D-1(1) to 2D-1(4), 2D-2(1), 2D-2(2), 3-1(1), 3-1(2), and 3-2(1),

L₂₁ to L₂₄, L₃₁ to L₃₄, L₄₁ to L₄₃, b1 to b5, d1 to d4, g1 to g3, Ar₂₁to Ar₂₄, Ar₃₁ to Ar₃₄, Ar₄₁ to Ar₄₃, R₂₁ to R₂₄, R₃₁, R₄₁ to R₄₄, c1 toc4, e1, h1 to h4, Q₁, and Q₂ may be understood by referring to thedescriptions thereof provided herein.

In Formulae 1-1(1) to 1-1(4), 2D-1(1) to 2D-1(4), 2D-2(1), and 2D-2(2),Z₁ to Z₅ may be each independently selected from:

deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitrogroup, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazonegroup, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid groupor a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₆₀alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, and aC₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group;

a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group,and a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, each substituted with at least one selectedfrom deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, anitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, ahydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonicacid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof,a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylgroup, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₁-C₆₀heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group,a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, and—Si(Q₁₃)(Q₁₄)(Q₁₅);

a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylgroup, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₁-C₆₀heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group,and a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group;

a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylgroup, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₁-C₆₀heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group,and a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, eachsubstituted with at least one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I,a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, anamidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acidgroup or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, aphosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenylgroup, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, amonovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a monovalentnon-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, and —Si(Q₂₃)(Q₂₄)(O₂₅);and

—Si(Q₃₃)(Q₃₄)(Q₃₅).

Q₁, Q₂, Q₁₃ to Q₁₅, Q₂₃ to Q₂₅, and Q₃₃ to Q₃₅ may be understood byreferring to the descriptions thereof provided herein.

In Formulae 1-1(1) to 1-1(4), 2D-1(1) to 2D-1(4), 2D-2(1), and 2D-2(2),f1 may be an integer selected from 0 to 4, f2 may be an integer selectedfrom 0 to 3, f3 may be an integer selected from 0 to 5, and f4 may be aninteger selected from 0 to 2.

In Formula 1-1(1), at least one of Ar₂₂ and Ar₂₃ may be a group selectedfrom groups represented by Formulae A to C,

in Formula 1-1(2), at least one of Ar₂₂ and Ar₂₃ may be a group selectedfrom groups represented by Formulae A to C,

in Formula 1-1(3), at least one of Ar₂₁ to Ar₂₃ may be a group selectedfrom groups represented by Formulae A to C,

in Formula 1-1(4), at least one of Ar₂₁ to Ar₂₃ may be a group selectedfrom groups represented by Formulae A to C,

in Formula 1-2(1), at least one of Ar₂₁ to Ar₂₄ may be a group selectedfrom groups represented by Formulae A to C,

in Formula 1-3(1), at least one of Ar₂₁ and Ar₂₂ may be a group selectedfrom groups represented by Formulae A to C,

in Formulae 2H-1(1) to 2H-1(4), Ar₃₁ may be a group selected from groupsrepresented by Formulae A to C,

in Formula 2D-1(1), at least one of Ar₃₁ to Ar₃₄ may be a group selectedfrom groups represented by Formulae A to C,

in Formula 2D-1(2), at least one of Ar₃₁ to Ar₃₄ may be a group selectedfrom groups represented by Formulae A to C,

in Formula 2D-1(3), at least one of Ar₃₁ to Ar₃₄ may be a group selectedfrom groups represented by Formulae A to C,

in Formula 2D-1(4), at least one of Ar₃₁ to Ar₃₄ may be a group selectedfrom groups represented by Formulae A to C,

in Formula 2D-2(1), at least one of Ar₃₂ and Ar₃₃ may be a groupselected from groups represented by Formulae A to C,

in Formula 2D-2(2), at least one of Ar₃₂ and Ar₃₃ may be a groupselected from groups represented by Formulae A to C,

in Formula 3-1(1), at least one of Ar₄₁ to Ar₄₃ may be a group selectedfrom groups represented by Formulae A to C,

in Formula 3-1(2), at least one of Ar₄₁ to Ar₄₃ may be a group selectedfrom groups represented by Formulae A to C, and

in Formula 3-2(1), one of Ar₄₁ and Ar₄₂ may be a group selected fromgroups represented by Formulae A to C, and the other one of Ar₄₁ andAr₄₂ may be a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic group including *═N—*′ asa ring forming moiety.

In some embodiments, compounds represented by Formulae 1-1(1) to 1-1(4),1-2(1), 1-3(1), 2H-1(1) to 2H-1(4), 2D-1(1) to 2D-1(4), 2D-2(1),2D-2(2), 3-1(1), 3-1(2), and 3-2(1) may include a group selected fromFormulae A to C (e.g., a group selected from groups represented byFormulae A to C included as a major component).

According to one or more example embodiments, an organic light-emittingdevice may include:

a first compound selected from Compounds 1-1 to 1-12 and 2-1 to 2-10;

a second compound selected from Compounds 3-1 to 3-12 and 4-1 to 4-12;and

a third compound selected from Compounds 5-1 to 5-9:

At least two selected from the first compound, the second compound, andthe third compound may have a triplet energy of 2.4 eV or more, forexample, 2.5 eV or more. When the triplet energy is within these ranges,in a fluorescent organic light-emitting device, for example, emissionefficiency through the triplet-triplet fusion (TTF) may be improved, andin a phosphorescent organic light-emitting device, the transfer oftriplet excitons formed in an emission layer may be suppressed orreduced, thereby preventing or reducing a decrease in device efficiency.

In some embodiments, each of the first compound, the second compound,and the third compound may have asymmetrical structure.

For example: in Formula 1-1, a case where -(L₂₁)_(b1)-Ar₂₁,-(L₂₂)_(b2)-Ar₂₂, and -(L₂₃)_(b3)-Ar₂₃ are the same may be excluded; inFormula 1-2, a case where -(L₂₁)_(b1)-Ar₂₁, -(L₂₂)_(b2)-Ar₂₂,-(L₂₃)_(b3)-Ar₂₃, and -(L₂₄)_(b4)-Ar₂₄ are the same may be excluded; inFormula 2D-1, a case where -(L₃₁)_(d1)-Ar₃₁, -(L₃₂)_(d2)-Ar₃₂,-(L₃₃)_(d3)-Ar₃₃, and -(L₃₄)_(d4)-Ar₃₄ are the same may be excluded; inFormula 2D-2, a case where -(L₃₁)_(d1)-Ar₃₁, -(L₃₂)_(d2)-Ar₃₂, and-(L₃₃)_(d3)-Ar₃₃ are the same may be excluded and in Formula 3-1, a casewhere -(L₄₁)_(g1)-Ar₄₁, -(L₄₂)_(g2)-Ar₄₂, and -(L₄₃)_(g3)-Ar₄₃ are thesame may be excluded.

In some embodiments, in Formula 1-3, the two carbazole moieties coupledvia -(L₂₃)_(b3)- may be different from each other; in Formula 2H-1,(R₃₁)_(e1) and Ar₃₁ coupled via -(L₃₁)- may be different from eachother; and in Formula 3-2, the two carbazole moieties coupled via-(L₄₃)_(g3)- may be different from each other.

When each of the first compound, the second compound, and the thirdcompound has an asymmetrical structure as described above, for example,the level of stacking and aggregation of molecules in an organic layermay decrease. Therefore, for example, when each of the first compound,the second compound, and the third compound is used as a matrix materialin a layer including the compound, degradation of the device may beprevented or reduced and the lifespan of the device may improve.

According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the first compoundmay be selected from compounds represented by Formulae 1-1 to 1-3,

the second compound may be represented by Formula 2H-1, and

the third compound may be selected from compounds represented byFormulae 3-1 and 3-2.

In some embodiments, the first compound may be selected from compoundsrepresented by Formulae 1-1(1) to 1-1(4), 1-2(1), and 1-3(1),

the second compound may be selected from compounds represented byFormulae 2H-1(1) to 2H-1(4), and

the third compound may be selected from compounds represented byFormulae 3-1(1), 3-1(2), and 3-2(1).

According to one or more example embodiments, in an organiclight-emitting device, a second layer may be an emission layer and mayfurther include a dopant, in addition to the compounds described above,and

a first layer and a third layer may each directly contact the secondlayer.

In some embodiments, the dopant may be a phosphorescent dopant.Non-limiting examples of the dopant will be described below.

According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the first compoundmay be selected from compounds represented by Formulae 1-1 to 1-3,

the second compound may be selected from compounds represented byFormulae 2D-1 and 2D-2, and

the third compound may be selected from compounds represented byFormulae 3-1 and 3-2.

In some embodiments, the first compound may be selected from compoundsrepresented by Formulae 1-1(1) to 1-1(4), 1-2(1), and 1-3(1),

the second compound may be selected from compounds represented byFormulae 2D-1(1) to 2D-1(4), 2D-2(1), and 2D-2(2), and

the third compound may be selected from compounds represented byFormulae 3-1(1), 3-1(2), and 3-2(1).

According to one or more example embodiments, in an organiclight-emitting device,

the second layer may be an emission layer, and the second layer mayfurther include a host, in addition to the compounds described above,and

a first layer and a third layer may each directly contact the secondlayer.

In some embodiments, the host may be a fluorescent host. Non-limitingexamples of the host will be described below.

In some embodiments, the first compound and the second compound may beeach independently selected from compounds represented by Formulae 1-1,1-2, and 1-3,

where the first compound may be different from the second compound, and

the third compound may be selected from compounds represented byFormulae 2H-1, 2D-1, 2D-2, 3-1, and 3-2.

In some embodiments, the first compound and the second compound may beeach independently selected from compounds represented by Formulae1-1(1) to 1-1(4), 1-2(1), and 1-3(1),

where the first compound may be different from the second compound, and

the third compound may be selected from compounds represented byFormulae 2H-1(1) to 2H-1(4), 2D-1(1) to 2D-1(4), 2D-2(1), 2D-2(2),3-1(1), 3-1(2), and 3-2(1).

In some embodiments,

the first compound and the second compound may be each independentlyselected from compounds represented by Formulae 1-1, 1-2, and 1-3,

where the first compound may be different from the second compound, and

the third compound may be selected from compounds represented byFormulae 2H-1, 3-1 and 3-2.

In some embodiments, the first compound and the second compound may beeach independently selected from compounds represented by Formulae1-1(1) to 1-1(4), 1-2(1), and 1-3(1),

where the first compound may be different from the second compound, and

the third compound may be selected from compounds represented byFormulae 2H-1(1) to 2H-1(4), 3-1(1), 3-1(2), and 3-2(1).

An organic light-emitting device according to another example embodimentmay include the third layer as an emission layer, the third layerfurther including a dopant, in addition to the compounds describedabove, and the second layer may directly contact the third layer. Insome embodiments, the dopant may be a phosphorescent dopant.

In some embodiments, the first compound and the second compound may beeach independently selected from compounds represented by Formulae 1-1,1-2, and 1-3,

where the first compound may be different from the second compound, and

the third compound may be selected from compounds represented byFormulae 2D-1, 2D-2, 3-1 and 3-2.

In some embodiments, the first compound and the second compound may beeach independently selected from compounds represented by Formulae1-1(1) to 1-1(4), 1-2(1), and 1-3(1),

where the first compound may be different from the second compound, and

the third compound may be selected from compounds represented byFormulae 2D-1(1) to 2D-1(4), 2D-2(1), 2D-2(2), 3-1(1), 3-1(2), and3-2(1).

An organic light-emitting device according to another example embodimentmay include the third layer as an emission layer, the third layerfurther including a host, in addition to the compounds described above,and the second layer may directly contact the third layer. In someembodiments, the host may be a fluorescent host.

The first compound and the second compound may be each independentlyselected from Compounds 1-1 to 1-12 and 2-1 to 2-10,

where the first compound may be different from the second compound, and

the third compound may be selected from Compounds 3-1 to 3-12, 4-1 to4-12, and 5-1 to 5-9.

The organic light-emitting device may include the first layer includingthe first compound, the second layer including the second compound, andthe third layer including the third compound, wherein each of the firstcompound, the second compound, and the third compound may include atleast one group selected from Formulae A to C. Accordingly, chargetransfer may be facilitated due to the similarity in molecularstructures of the first, second, and third compounds. Further, theinterfacial characteristics between the three layers may improve,thereby improving the stability and lifespan of the organiclight-emitting device.

Hereinafter a structure and a method of manufacturing an organiclight-emitting device according to one or more embodiments of thepresent disclosure will be described with reference to the drawing.

The drawing is a schematic cross-sectional view of an organiclight-emitting device (OLED) 10 according to an example embodiment ofthe present disclosure.

The OLED 10 may include a first electrode 110, a first layer 130, asecond layer 150, and a third layer 170, and a second electrode 190,which are sequentially layered in the stated order.

Referring to the drawing, a substrate may be additionally disposed(e.g., positioned) under the first electrode 110 or on the secondelectrode 190. The substrate may be a glass substrate or transparentplastic substrate, each with excellent mechanical strength, thermalstability, transparency, surface smoothness, ease of handling, and/orwater resistance.

The first electrode 110 may be formed by depositing or sputtering amaterial for forming the first electrode 110 on the substrate. When thefirst electrode 110 is an anode, the material for forming the firstelectrode 110 may be selected from materials with a high work functionthat facilitate hole injection. The first electrode 110 may be areflective electrode, a semi-transmissive electrode, or a transmissiveelectrode. The material for forming the first electrode 110 may be atransparent and highly conductive material. Non-limiting examples ofsuch material may include indium tin oxide (ITO), indium zinc oxide(IZO), tin oxide (SnO₂), and zinc oxide (ZnO). When the first electrode110 is a semi-transmissive electrode or a reflective electrode, as amaterial for forming the first electrode 110, at least one selected frommagnesium (Mg), aluminum (Al), aluminum-lithium (Al—Li), calcium (Ca),magnesium-indium (Mg—In), and magnesium-silver (Mg—Ag) may be used.

The first electrode 110 may have a single-layer structure, or amulti-layer structure including a plurality of layers. For example, thefirst electrode 110 may have a triple-layer structure of ITO/Ag/ITO, butembodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

The first layer 130, the second layer 150, and the third layer 170 maybe sequentially stacked on the first electrode 110.

The first layer 130 may include a first compound, the second layer 150may include a second compound, and the third layer 170 may include athird compound. The descriptions of the first to third compounds may beunderstood by referring to the descriptions thereof provided herein.

Although not illustrated in the drawing, a hole injection layer may beadditionally disposed (e.g., positioned) between the first electrode 110and the first layer 130.

When the organic light-emitting device 10 includes a hole injectionlayer, the hole injection layer may be formed on the first electrode 110by using one or more suitable methods, such as vacuum deposition, spincoating, casting, a Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) method, ink-jet printing,laser printing, and/or laser-induced thermal imaging (LITI).

When the hole injection layer is formed by vacuum deposition, forexample, the vacuum deposition may be performed at a temperature ofabout 100° C. to about 500° C., at a vacuum degree of about 10⁻⁸ Torr toabout 10⁻³ Torr, and at a vacuum deposition rate in a range of about0.01 Å/sec to about 100 Å/sec, depending on the compound for forming thehole injection layer, and the structure of the hole injection layer tobe formed.

When a hole injection layer is formed by spin coating, the spin coatingmay be performed at a coating rate of about 2000 rpm to about 5000 rpm,and at a temperature of about 80° C. to 200° C., depending on thecompound for forming the hole injection layer, and the structure of thehole injection layer to be formed.

The thickness of the hole injection layer may be in a range of about 100Å to about 10,000 Å, for example, about 100 Å to about 1,000 Å.

The method of forming the hole injection layer may be understood byreferring to any of the methods of forming the first layer 130, thesecond layer 150, and the third layer 170.

In some embodiments, the first layer 130 may include the first compound,and may additionally include at least one selected from m-MTDATA, TDATA,2-TNATA, NPB, β-NPB, TPD, a spiro-TPD, a spiro-NPB, methylated NPB,TAPC, HMTPD, 4,4′,4″-tris(N-carbazolyl)triphenylamine (TCTA),polyaniline/dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid (PANI/DBSA),poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/poly(4-styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT/PSS),polyaniline/camphor sulfonicacid (PANI/CSA), and(polyaniline)/poly(4-styrenesulfonate) (PANI/PSS):

The first layer 130 may further include a charge-generating material, inaddition to the materials mentioned above, to improve conductiveproperties. The charge-generating material may be homogeneously ornon-homogeneously dispersed throughout the first layer 130.

The charge-generating material may be, for example, a p-dopant. Thep-dopant may be selected from a quinone derivative, a metal oxide, and acyano group-containing compound, but embodiments of the presentdisclosure are not limited thereto. Non-limiting examples of thep-dopant may include quinone derivatives (such astetracyanoquinonedimethane (TCNQ) and/or Compound HT-D2); metal oxides(such as tungsten oxide and/or molybdenum oxide); and Compound HT-D1,but embodiments are not limited thereto.

In some embodiments, the first layer 130 may be a hole transport layer.When the first layer 130 is a hole transport layer, the thickness of thehole transport layer may be in a range of about 50 Å to about 2,000 Å,for example, about 100 Å to about 1,500 Å.

According to an embodiment, the second layer 150 may be an emissionlayer, and the first layer 130 and the third layer 170 may each directlycontact the second layer 150.

In some embodiments, the third layer 170 may be an emission layer, andthe second layer 150 may directly contact the third layer 170.

When the organic light-emitting device 10 is a full color organiclight-emitting device, the emission layer may be patterned into a redemission layer, a green emission layer, or a blue emission layer,according to a sub-pixel. In some embodiments, the emission layer mayhave a stacked structure of a red emission layer, a green emissionlayer, and a blue emission layer, or may include a red-light emissionmaterial, a green-light emission material, and a blue-light emissionmaterial, which are mixed with each other in a single layer, to emitwhite light.

In some embodiments, when the second layer 150 is an emission layer, theemission layer may include the second compound, and may additionallyinclude a host and/or a dopant.

In some embodiments, when the third layer 170 is an emission layer, theemission layer may include the third compound, and may additionallyinclude a host and/or a dopant.

The host may include a compound represented by Formula 301:

Ar₃₀₁-[(L₃₀₁)_(xb1)-R₃₀₁]_(xb2).  Formula 301

In Formula 301,

Ar₃₀₁ may be selected from:

a naphthalene group, a heptalene group, a fluorene group, aspiro-fluorene group, a benzofluorene group, a dibenzofluorene group, aphenalene group, a phenanthrene group, an anthracene group, afluoranthene group, a triphenylene group, a pyrene group, a chrysenegroup, a naphthacene group, a picene group, a perylene group, apentaphene group, and an indenoanthracene group; and

a naphthalene group, a heptalene group, a fluorene group, aspiro-fluorene group, a benzofluorene group, a dibenzofluorene group, aphenalene group, a phenanthrene group, an anthracene group, afluoranthene group, a triphenylene group, a pyrene group, a chrysenegroup, a naphthacene group, a picene group, a perylene group, apentaphene group, and an indenoanthracene group, each substituted withat least one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxylgroup, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, ahydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a saltthereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acidgroup or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, aC₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group,a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, aC₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a monovalentnon-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a monovalent non-aromaticcondensed heteropolycyclic group, and —Si(Q₃₀₁)(Q₃₀₂)(Q₃₀₃), whereinQ₃₀₁ to Q₃₀₃ may be each independently selected from hydrogen, a C₁-C₆₀alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, and a C₁-C₆₀heteroaryl group,

description of L₃₀₁ may be the same as the description provided inconnection with L₂₁,

R₃₀₁ may be selected from:

a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group and a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group;

a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group and a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, each substituted with atleast one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, acyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, ahydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a saltthereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acidgroup or a salt thereof, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenylgroup, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, abenzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group,an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyridinylgroup, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, aquinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, aquinazolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, and a triazinyl group;

a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, afluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, adibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, apyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group,a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, anisoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, acarbazolyl group, and a triazinyl group; and

a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, afluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, adibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, apyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group,a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, anisoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, acarbazolyl group, and a triazinyl group, each substituted with at leastone selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyanogroup, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazinegroup, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, asulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a saltthereof, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, a phenyl group, abiphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group,a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenylgroup, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, achrysenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinylgroup, a pyridazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group,a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, and atriazinyl group,

xb1 may be selected from 0, 1, 2, and 3, and

xb2 may be selected from 1, 2, 3, and 4.

In some embodiments, in Formula 301,

L₃₀₁ may be selected from:

a phenylene group, a naphthylene group, a fluorenylene group, aspiro-fluorenylene group, a benzofluorenylene group, adibenzofluorenylene group, a phenanthrenylene group, an anthracenylenegroup, a pyrenylene group, and a chrysenylene group; and

a phenylene group, a naphthylene group, a fluorenylene group, aspiro-fluorenylene group, a benzofluorenylene group, adibenzofluorenylene group, a phenanthrenylene group, an anthracenylenegroup, a pyrenylene group, and a chrysenylene group, each substitutedwith at least one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxylgroup, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, ahydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a saltthereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acidgroup or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, aphenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, afluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, adibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, apyrenyl group, and a chrysenyl group,

R₃₀₁ may be selected from:

a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group and a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group;

a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group and a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, each substituted with atleast one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, acyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, ahydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a saltthereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acidgroup or a salt thereof, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenylgroup, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, abenzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group,an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, and a chrysenyl group;

a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, afluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, adibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, apyrenyl group, and a chrysenyl group; and

a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, afluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, adibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, apyrenyl group, and a chrysenyl group, each substituted with at least oneselected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyanogroup, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazinegroup, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, asulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a saltthereof, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, a phenyl group, abiphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group,a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenylgroup, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, anda chrysenyl group, but embodiments are not limited thereto.

In some embodiments, the host may include a compound represented byFormula 301A:

The descriptions of substituents in Formula 301A may be understood byreferring to the descriptions thereof provided herein.

The compound represented by Formula 301 may include at least onecompound selected from Compounds H1 to H42, but embodiments of thepresent disclosure are not limited thereto:

In some embodiments, the host may include at least one selected fromCompounds H43 to H49, but embodiments are not limited thereto:

In some embodiments, the host may include at least one selected fromcompounds below, but embodiments are not limited thereto:

The dopant may be a phosphorescent dopant.

The phosphorescent dopant may include an organometallic complexrepresented by Formula 401:

In Formula 401,

M may be selected from iridium (Ir), platinum (Pt), osmium (Os),titanium (Ti), zirconium (Zr), hafnium (Hf), europium (Eu), terbium(Tb), and thulium (Tm);

X₄₀₁ to X₄₀₄ may be each independently nitrogen or carbon;

A₄₀₁ and A₄₀₂ rings may be each independently selected from asubstituted or unsubstituted benzene, a substituted or unsubstitutednaphthalene, a substituted or unsubstituted fluorene, a substituted orunsubstituted spiro-fluorene, a substituted or unsubstituted indene, asubstituted or unsubstituted pyrrole, a substituted or unsubstitutedthiophene, a substituted or unsubstituted furan, a substituted orunsubstituted imidazole, a substituted or unsubstituted pyrazole, asubstituted or unsubstituted thiazole, a substituted or unsubstitutedisothiazole, a substituted or unsubstituted oxazole, a substituted orunsubstituted isoxazole, a substituted or unsubstituted pyridine, asubstituted or unsubstituted pyrazine, a substituted or unsubstitutedpyrimidine, a substituted or unsubstituted pyridazine, a substituted orunsubstituted quinoline, a substituted or unsubstituted isoquinoline, asubstituted or unsubstituted benzoquinoline, a substituted orunsubstituted quinoxaline, a substituted or unsubstituted quinazoline, asubstituted or unsubstituted carbazole, a substituted or unsubstitutedbenzoimidazole, a substituted or unsubstituted benzofuran, a substitutedor unsubstituted benzothiophene, a substituted or unsubstitutedisobenzothiophene, a substituted or unsubstituted benzoxazole, asubstituted or unsubstituted isobenzoxazole, a substituted orunsubstituted triazole, a substituted or unsubstituted oxadiazole, asubstituted or unsubstituted triazine, a substituted or unsubstituteddibenzofuran, and a substituted or unsubstituted dibenzothiophene,

at least one substituent of the substituted benzene, substitutednaphthalene, substituted fluorene, substituted spiro-fluorene,substituted indene, substituted pyrrole, substituted thiophene,substituted furan, substituted imidazole, substituted pyrazole,substituted thiazole, substituted isothiazole, substituted oxazole,substituted isoxazole, substituted pyridine, substituted pyrazine,substituted pyrimidine, substituted pyridazine, substituted quinoline,substituted isoquinoline, substituted benzoquinoline, substitutedquinoxaline, substituted quinazoline, substituted carbazole, substitutedbenzoimidazole, substituted benzofuran, substituted benzothiophene,substituted isobenzothiophene, substituted benzoxazole, substitutedisobenzoxazole, substituted triazole, substituted oxadiazole,substituted triazine, substituted dibenzofuran, and substituteddibenzothiophene may be selected from:

deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitrogroup, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazonegroup, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid groupor a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₆₀alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, and aC₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group,

a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group,and a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, each substituted with at least one selectedfrom deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, anitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, ahydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonicacid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof,a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylgroup, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₁-C₆₀heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group,a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group,—N(Q₄₀₁)(Q₄₀₂), —Si(Q₄₀₃)(Q₄₀₄)(Q₄₀₅), and —B(Q₄₀₆)(Q₄₀₇);

a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylgroup, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₁-C₆₀heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group,and a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group;

a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylgroup, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₁-C₆₀heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group,and a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, eachsubstituted with at least one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I,a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, anamidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acidgroup or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, aphosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenylgroup, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, amonovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a monovalentnon-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, —N(Q₄₁₁)(Q₄₁₂),—Si(Q₄₁₃)(Q₄₁₄)(Q₄₁₅), and —B(Q₄₁₆)(Q₄₁₇); and

—N(Q₄₂₁)(Q₄₂₂), —Si(Q₄₂₃)(Q₄₂₄)(Q₄₂₅), and —B(Q₄₂₆)(Q₄₂₇),

where Q₄₀₁ to Q₄₀₇, Q₄₁₁ to Q₄₁₇, and Q₄₂₁ to Q₄₂₇ may be eachindependently selected from hydrogen, a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀alkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, and a C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group;

L₄₀₁ may be an organic ligand;

xc1 may be selected from 1, 2, and 3; and

xc2 may be selected from 0, 1, 2, and 3.

In Formula 401, L₄₀₁ may be any suitable monovalent, divalent, ortrivalent organic ligand. For example, L₄₀₁ may be selected from ahalogen ligand (e.g., Cl and/or F), a diketone ligand (e.g.,acetylacetonate, 1,3-diphenyl-1,3-propanedionate,2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-3,5-heptanedionate, and/or hexafluoroacetonate), acarboxylic acid ligand (e.g., picolinate,dimethyl-3-pyrazolecarboxylate, and/or benzoate), a carbon monoxideligand, an isonitrile ligand, a cyano ligand, and a phosphorous ligand(e.g., phosphine and/or phosphite), but embodiments are not limitedthereto.

When A₄₀₁ in Formula 401 includes a plurality of substituents, theplurality of substituents of A₄₀₁ may be bound to each other to form asaturated or unsaturated ring.

When A₄₀₂ in Formula 401 includes a plurality of substituents, theplurality of substituents of A₄₀₂ may be bound to each other to form asaturated or unsaturated ring.

When xc1 in Formula 401 is 2 or more, a plurality of ligands

in Formula 401 may be identical to or different from each other. InFormula 401, when xc1 is 2 or more, A₄₀₁ and A₄₀₂ of one ligand may beeach independently connected (e.g., coupled) to A₄₀₁ and A₄₀₂ of anotheradjacent ligand, respectively, either directly (e.g., via a bond such asa single bond) or via a linking group (e.g., a C₁-C₅ alkylene group,—N(R′)— (where R′ is a C₁-C₁₀ alkyl group or a C₆-C₂₀ aryl group),and/or —C(═O)—).

The phosphorescent dopant may include, for example, at least oneselected from Compounds PD1 to PD21 and PD76, but embodiments are notlimited thereto:

In some embodiments, the second layer 150 may be an emission layer. Whenthe emission layer includes the second compound and the dopant, theamount of the dopant may be in a range of about 0.01 parts by weight toabout 15 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of the secondcompound, but embodiments are not limited thereto.

In some embodiments, the second layer 150 may be an emission layer. Whenthe emission layer includes the second compound and the host, the amountof the second compound may be in a range of about 0.01 parts by weightto about 15 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of the host,but embodiments are not limited thereto.

In some embodiments, the third layer 170 may be an emission layer. Whenthe emission layer includes the third compound and the host, the amountof the third compound may be in a range of about 0.01 parts by weight toabout 15 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of the host, butembodiments are not limited thereto.

In some embodiments, the third layer 170 may be an emission layer. Whenthe emission layer includes the third compound and the dopant, theamount of the dopant may be in a range of about 0.01 parts by weight toabout 15 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of the dopant,but embodiments are not limited thereto.

The thickness of the emission layer may be in a range of about 100 Å toabout 1000 Å, for example, about 200 Å to about 600 Å. When thethickness of the emission layer is within any of these ranges, excellent(or suitable) light-emission characteristics may be achieved without asubstantial increase in driving voltage.

Although not illustrated in the drawing, when the second layer 150 is anemission layer, an electron injection layer that facilitates electroninjection may be additionally disposed (e.g., positioned) between thesecond electrode 190 and the third layer 170. The electron injectionlayer may be formed on the third layer 170 by using one or more suitablemethods, such as vacuum deposition, spin coating, casting, an LB method,ink-jet printing, laser printing, and/or LITI. When the electroninjection layer is formed by vacuum deposition and/or spin coating, thevacuum deposition and coating conditions for the electron injectionlayer may be similar to the vacuum deposition and coating conditions forthe hole injection layer.

The electron injection layer may include at least one selected from LiF,NaCl, CsF, Li₂O, BaO, and LiQ.

The thickness of the electron injection layer may be in a range of about1 Å to about 100 Å, for example, about 3 Å to about 90 Å. When thethickness of the electron injection layer is within any of these ranges,excellent (or suitable) electron injection characteristics may beobtained without a substantial increase in driving voltage.

In some embodiments, when the third layer 170 is an emission layer, atleast one selected from an electron transport layer and an electroninjection layer may be additionally disposed between the third layer 170and the second electrode 190. The electron injection layer may beunderstood by referring to the description thereof provided herein.

The electron transport layer may include at least one selected from BCP,Bphen, Alq₃, BAlq, TAZ, and NTAZ:

The thickness of the electron transport layer may be in a range of about100 Å to about 1000 Å, for example, about 150 Å to about 500 Å. When thethickness of the electron transport layer is within any of these ranges,excellent (or suitable) electron transport characteristics may beobtained without a substantial increase in driving voltage.

In some embodiments, the second layer 150 may be an emission layer, andthe third layer 170 may be an electron transport layer.

The electron transport layer may further include a metal-containingmaterial, in addition to the materials described above.

The metal-containing material may include a Li complex. The Li complexmay include, for example, Compound ET-D1 (8-hydroxyquinolinolato-lithiumor LiQ) and/or Compound ET-D2:

The second electrode 190 may be a cathode, that is an electron injectionelectrode. In this regard, a material for forming the second electrode190 may be a material having a low work function, for example, a metal,an alloy, an electrically conductive compound, or a mixture thereof.Non-limiting examples of the material for forming the second electrode190 may include lithium (Li), magnesium (Mg), aluminum (Al),aluminum-lithium (Al—Li), calcium (Ca), magnesium-indium (Mg—In), andmagnesium-silver (Mg—Ag). In some embodiments, the material for formingthe second electrode 190 may be ITO and/or IZO. The second electrode 190may be a semi-transmissive electrode or a transmissive electrode.

A C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group used herein may refer to a linear or branchedaliphatic hydrocarbon monovalent group having 1 to 60 carbon atoms.Non-limiting examples thereof include a methyl group, an ethyl group, apropyl group, an iso-butyl group, a sec-butyl group, a tert-butyl group,a pentyl group, an iso-amyl group, and a hexyl group. A C₁-C₆₀ alkylenegroup used herein may refer to a divalent group having the samestructure as the C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group.

A C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group used herein may refer to a monovalent grouprepresented by —OA₁₀₁ (where A₁₀₁ is the C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group).Non-limiting examples thereof may include a methoxy group, an ethoxygroup, and an isopropoxy group.

A C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group used herein may refer to a hydrocarbon grouphaving at least one carbon-carbon double bond at one or more positionsalong the hydrocarbon chain of the C₂-C₆₀ alkyl group (e.g., in themiddle or at either terminal end of the C₂-C₆₀ alkyl group).Non-limiting examples thereof may include an ethenyl group, a propenylgroup, and a butenyl group. A C₂-C₆₀ alkenylene group used herein mayrefer to a divalent group having the same structure as the C₂-C₆₀alkenyl group.

A C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group used herein may refer to a hydrocarbon grouphaving at least one carbon-carbon triple bond at one or more positionsalong the hydrocarbon chain of the C₂-C₆₀ alkyl group (e.g., in themiddle or at either terminal end of the C₂-C₆₀ alkyl group).Non-limiting examples thereof may include an ethynyl group and apropynyl group. A C₂-C₆₀ alkynylene group used herein may refer to adivalent group having the same structure as the C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group.

A C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group used herein may refer to a monovalentmonocyclic saturated hydrocarbon group including 3 to 10 carbon atoms.Non-limiting examples thereof may include a cyclopropyl group, acyclobutyl group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, and acycloheptyl group. A C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkylene group used herein may refer toa divalent group having the same structure as the C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkylgroup.

A C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group used herein may refer to a monovalentmonocyclic group including at least one heteroatom selected from N, O,P, and S as a ring-forming atom, and 1 to 10 carbon atoms. Non-limitingexamples thereof may include a tetrahydrofuranyl group and atetrahydrothienyl group. A C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkylene group used hereinmay refer to a divalent group having the same structure as the C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkyl group.

A C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group as used herein may refer to a monovalentmonocyclic group that has 3 to 10 carbon atoms and at least one doublebond in its ring, and is not aromatic. Non-limiting examples thereof mayinclude a cyclopentenyl group, a cyclohexenyl group, and a cycloheptenylgroup. A C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenylene group used herein may refer to adivalent group having the same structure as the C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenylgroup.

A C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group used herein may refer to a monovalentmonocyclic group including at least one heteroatom selected from N, O,P, and S as a ring-forming atom, 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and at least onedouble bond in its ring. Non-limiting examples of the C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkenyl group may include a 2,3-dihydrofuranyl group and a2,3-dihydrothienyl group. A C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenylene group usedherein may refer to a divalent group having the same structure as theC₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group.

A C₆-C₆₀ aryl group used herein may refer to a monovalent groupincluding a carbocyclic aromatic system having 6 to 60 carbon atoms. AC₆-C₆₀ arylene group used herein may refer to a divalent group includinga carbocyclic aromatic system having 6 to 60 carbon atoms.

A C₆-C₆₀ non-condensed arylene group used herein may refer to a divalentgroup including a carbocyclic aromatic system having 6 to 60 carbonatoms, and not including two or more rings. A C₆-C₆₀ condensedpolycyclic arylene group used herein may refer to a divalent groupincluding a carbocyclic aromatic system having 6 to 60 carbon atoms, andincluding two or more rings.

Non-limiting examples of the C₆-C₆₀ aryl group may include a phenylgroup, a naphthyl group, an anthracenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, apyrenyl group, and a chrysenyl group.

A non-limiting example of the C₆-C₆₀ non-condensed arylene group mayinclude a phenylene group. Non-limiting examples of the C₆-C₆₀ condensedpolycyclic arylene group may include a naphthylene group, ananthracenylene group, a phenanthrenylene group, a pyrenylene group, anda chrysenylene group.

When the C₆-C₆₀ aryl group and the C₆-C₆₀ arylene group eachindependently include a plurality of rings, the respective rings may befused to each other.

A C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group used herein may refer to a monovalent grouphaving a carbocyclic aromatic system including at least one heteroatomselected from N, O, P, and S as a ring-forming atom, and 1 to 60 carbonatoms. A C₁-C₆₀ heteroarylene group used herein may refer to a divalentgroup having a carbocyclic aromatic system including at least oneheteroatom selected from N, O, P, and S as a ring-forming atom, and 1 to60 carbon atoms.

A C₁-C₆₀ non-condensed heteroarylene group used herein may refer to adivalent group having a carbocyclic aromatic system including at leastone heteroatom selected from N, O, P, and S as a ring-forming atom, and1 to 60 carbon atoms, and not including two or more rings. A C₁-C₆₀condensed polycyclic heteroarylene group used herein may refer to adivalent group having a carbocyclic aromatic system including at leastone heteroatom selected from N, O, P, and S as a ring-forming atom, and1 to 60 carbon atoms, and including two or more rings.

Non-limiting examples of the C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group may include apyridinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyridazinylgroup, a triazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, and an isoquinolinylgroup.

Non-limiting examples of the C₁-C₆₀ non-condensed heteroarylene groupmay include a pyridinylene group, a pyrimidinylene group, a pyrazinylenegroup, a pyridazinylene group, and a triazinylene group. Non-limitingexamples of the C₁-C₆₀ condensed polycyclic heteroarylene group mayinclude a quinolinylene group, an isoquinolinylene group, aquinoxalinylene group, and a phthalazinylene group. When the C₁-C₆₀heteroaryl group and the C₁-C₆₀ heteroarylene group each independentlyinclude a plurality of rings, the respective rings may be fused to eachother.

A C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group used herein may refer to a group represented by—OA₁₀₂ (where A₁₀₂ is the C₆-C₆₀ aryl group). A C₆-C₆₀ arylthio groupused herein may refer to a group represented by —SA₁₀₃ (where A₁₀₃ isthe C₆-C₆₀ aryl group).

A monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group used herein mayrefer to a monovalent group that has two or more rings condensed to eachother, has only carbon atoms as ring-forming atoms (for example, thenumber of carbon atoms may be in a range of 8 to 60), and does not haveoverall aromaticity in the entire molecular structure. A non-limitingexample of the monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group mayinclude a fluorenyl group. A divalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclicgroup used herein may refer to a divalent group having the samestructure as the monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group.

A monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group used hereinmay refer to a monovalent group that has two or more rings condensed toeach other, has at least one heteroatom selected from N, O, P, and S asa ring-forming atom, other than carbon atoms (for example, the number ofcarbon atoms may be in a range of 2 to 60), and does not have overallaromaticity in the entire molecular structure. Non-limiting example ofthe monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group includes acarbazolyl group. A divalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclicgroup used herein may refer to a divalent group having the samestructure as the monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclicgroup.

In the present specification, at least one substituent of thesubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkylene group, substituted C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkylene group, substituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenylene group,substituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenylene group, substituted C₆-C₆₀arylene group, substituted C₆-C₆₀ non-condensed arylene group,substituted C₆-C₆₀ condensed polycyclic arylene group, substitutedC₁-C₆₀ heteroarylene group, substituted C₁-C₆₀ non-condensedheteroarylene group, substituted C₁-C₆₀ condensed polycyclicheteroarylene group, substituted divalent non-aromatic condensedpolycyclic group, substituted divalent non-aromatic condensedheteropolycyclic group, substituted C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, substitutedC₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, substituted C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, substitutedC₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, substituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, substitutedC₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, substituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group,substituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, substituted C₆-C₆₀ arylgroup, substituted C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, substituted C₆-C₆₀ arylthiogroup, substituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, substituted monovalentnon-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and substituted monovalentnon-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group may be selected from:

deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitrogroup, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazonegroup, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid groupor a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₆₀alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, and aC₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group;

a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group,and a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, each substituted with at least one selectedfrom deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, anitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, ahydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonicacid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof,a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylgroup, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₁-C₆₀heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group,a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, and—Si(Q₁₃)(Q₁₄)(Q₁₅);

a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylgroup, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₁-C₆₀heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group,a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, a biphenylgroup, and a terphenyl group;

a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylgroup, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₁-C₆₀heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group,and a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, eachsubstituted with at least one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I,a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, anamidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acidgroup or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, aphosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenylgroup, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, amonovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a monovalentnon-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, a biphenyl group, aterphenyl group, and —Si(Q₂₃)(Q₂₄)(Q₂₅); and

—Si(Q₃₃)(Q₃₄)(Q₃₅),

wherein Q₁₃ to Q₁₅, Q₂₃ to Q₂₅, and Q₃₃ to Q₃₅ may be each independentlyselected from hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, acyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, ahydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a saltthereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acidgroup or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, aC₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group,a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₁-C₆₀ heteroarylgroup, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, amonovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, a biphenylgroup, and a terphenyl group.

In some embodiments, at least one substituent of the substituted C₃-C₁₀cycloalkylene group, substituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkylene group,substituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenylene group, substituted C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkenylene group, substituted C₆-C₆₀ arylene group,substituted C₆-C₆₀ non-condensed arylene group, substituted C₆-C₆₀condensed polycyclic arylene group, substituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroarylenegroup, substituted C₁-C₆₀ non-condensed heteroarylene group, substitutedC₁-C₆₀ condensed polycyclic heteroarylene group, substituted divalentnon-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, substituted divalentnon-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, substituted C₁-C₆₀ alkylgroup, substituted C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, substituted C₂-C₆₀ alkynylgroup, substituted C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, substituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkylgroup, substituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, substituted C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenyl group, substituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group,substituted C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, substituted C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group,substituted C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, substituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group,substituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, andsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group maybe selected from:

deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitrogroup, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazonegroup, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid groupor a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₆₀alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, and aC₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group;

a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group,and a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, each substituted with at least one selectedfrom deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, anitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, ahydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonicacid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof,a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a cycloheptyl group, acyclopentenyl group, a cyclohexenyl group, a phenyl group, a biphenylgroup, a terphenyl group, a pentalenyl group, an indenyl group, anaphthyl group, an azulenyl group, a heptalenyl group, an indacenylgroup, an acenaphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group,a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenalenyl group, aphenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, atriphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a naphthacenylgroup, a picenyl group, a perylenyl group, a pentaphenyl group, ahexacenyl group, a pentacenyl group, a rubicenyl group, a coronenylgroup, an ovalenyl group, a pyrrolyl group, a thienyl group, a furanylgroup, an imidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, anisothiazolyl group, an oxazolyl group, an isoxazolyl group, a pyridinylgroup, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, anisoindolyl group, an indolyl group, an indazolyl group, a purinyl group,a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, aphthalazinyl group, a naphthyridinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, aquinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, aphenanthridinyl group, an acridinyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, aphenazinyl group, a benzoimidazolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, abenzothienyl group, an isobenzothiazolyl group, a benzoxazolyl group, anisobenzoxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group, anoxadiazolyl group, a triazinyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, adibenzothienyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolylgroup, a thiadiazolyl group, an imidazopyridinyl group, animidazopyrimidinyl group, and —Si(Q₁₃)(Q₁₄)(Q₁₅);

a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a cycloheptyl group, acyclopentenyl group, a cyclohexenyl group, a phenyl group, a biphenylgroup, a terphenyl group, a pentalenyl group, an indenyl group, anaphthyl group, an azulenyl group, a heptalenyl group, an indacenylgroup, an acenaphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group,a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenalenyl group, aphenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, atriphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a naphthacenylgroup, a picenyl group, a perylenyl group, a pentaphenyl group, ahexacenyl group, a pentacenyl group, a rubicenyl group, a coronenylgroup, an ovalenyl group, a pyrrolyl group, a thienyl group, a furanylgroup, an imidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, anisothiazolyl group, an oxazolyl group, an isoxazolyl group, a pyridinylgroup, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, anisoindolyl group, an indolyl group, an indazolyl group, a purinyl group,a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, aphthalazinyl group, a naphthyridinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, aquinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, aphenanthridinyl group, an acridinyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, aphenazinyl group, a benzoimidazolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, abenzothienyl group, an isobenzothiazolyl group, a benzoxazolyl group, anisobenzoxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group, anoxadiazolyl group, a triazinyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, adibenzothienyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolylgroup, a thiadiazolyl group, an imidazopyridinyl group, and animidazopyrimidinyl group;

a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a cycloheptyl group, acyclopentenyl group, a cyclohexenyl group, a phenyl group, a biphenylgroup, a terphenyl group, a pentalenyl group, an indenyl group, anaphthyl group, an azulenyl group, a heptalenyl group, an indacenylgroup, an acenaphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group,a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenalenyl group, aphenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, atriphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a naphthacenylgroup, a picenyl group, a perylenyl group, a pentaphenyl group, ahexacenyl group, a pentacenyl group, a rubicenyl group, a coronenylgroup, an ovalenyl group, a pyrrolyl group, a thienyl group, a furanylgroup, an imidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, anisothiazolyl group, an oxazolyl group, an isoxazolyl group, a pyridinylgroup, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, anisoindolyl group, an indolyl group, an indazolyl group, a purinyl group,a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, aphthalazinyl group, a naphthyridinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, aquinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, aphenanthridinyl group, an acridinyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, aphenazinyl group, a benzoimidazolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, abenzothienyl group, an isobenzothiazolyl group, a benzoxazolyl group, anisobenzoxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group, anoxadiazolyl group, a triazinyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, adibenzothienyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolylgroup, a thiadiazolyl group, an imidazopyridinyl group, and animidazopyrimidinyl group, each substituted with at least one selectedfrom deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, anitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, ahydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonicacid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof,a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, aC₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, acycloheptyl group, a cyclopentenyl group, a cyclohexenyl group, a phenylgroup, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a pentalenyl group, anindenyl group, a naphthyl group, an azulenyl group, a heptalenyl group,an indacenyl group, an acenaphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, aspiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group,a phenalenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, afluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenylgroup, a naphthacenyl group, a picenyl group, a perylenyl group, apentaphenyl group, a hexacenyl group, a pentacenyl group, a rubicenylgroup, a coronenyl group, an ovalenyl group, a pyrrolyl group, a thienylgroup, a furanyl group, an imidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, athiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, an oxazolyl group, an isoxazolylgroup, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, apyridazinyl group, an isoindolyl group, an indolyl group, an indazolylgroup, a purinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, abenzoquinolinyl group, a phthalazinyl group, a naphthyridinyl group, aquinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, acarbazolyl group, a phenanthridinyl group, an acridinyl group, aphenanthrolinyl group, a phenazinyl group, a benzoimidazolyl group, abenzofuranyl group, a benzothienyl group, an isobenzothiazolyl group, abenzoxazolyl group, an isobenzoxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, atetrazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group, a triazinyl group, adibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothienyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, adibenzocarbazolyl group, a thiadiazolyl group, an imidazopyridinylgroup, an imidazopyrimidinyl group, and —Si(Q₂₃)(Q₂₄)(Q₂₅); and

—Si(Q₃₃)(Q₃₄)(Q₃₅),

wherein Q₁₃ to Q₁₅, Q₂₃ to Q₂₅, and Q₃₃ to Q₃₅ may be each independentlyselected from hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, acyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, ahydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a saltthereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acidgroup or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, aC₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, a cyclopentyl group, acyclohexyl group, a cycloheptyl group, a cyclopentenyl group, acyclohexenyl group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group,a pentalenyl group, an indenyl group, a naphthyl group, an azulenylgroup, a heptalenyl group, an indacenyl group, an acenaphthyl group, afluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, adibenzofluorenyl group, a phenalenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, ananthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, apyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a naphthacenyl group, a picenyl group,a perylenyl group, a pentaphenyl group, a hexacenyl group, a pentacenylgroup, a rubicenyl group, a coronenyl group, an ovalenyl group, apyrrolyl group, a thienyl group, a furanyl group, an imidazolyl group, apyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, an oxazolylgroup, an isoxazolyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, apyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, an isoindolyl group, an indolylgroup, an indazolyl group, a purinyl group, a quinolinyl group, anisoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a phthalazinyl group, anaphthyridinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, acinnolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a phenanthridinyl group, anacridinyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a phenazinyl group, abenzoimidazolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothienyl group, anisobenzothiazolyl group, a benzoxazolyl group, an isobenzoxazolyl group,a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group, a triazinylgroup, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothienyl group, a benzocarbazolylgroup, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, a thiadiazolyl group, animidazopyridinyl group, and an imidazopyrimidinyl group.

“Ph” used herein may refer to a phenyl group, “Me” may refer to a methylgroup, “Et” may refer to an ethyl group, and “ter-Bu” or “Bu^(t)” mayrefer to a tert-butyl group.

“A biphenyl group” may refer to a monovalent group in which two benzenerings are bound (e.g., coupled) to each other via a single bond. “Aterphenyl group” may refer to a monovalent group in which three benzenerings are bound (e.g., coupled) via single bonds.

Hereinafter an organic light-emitting device according to an embodimentwill be described in detail with reference to Examples and SynthesisExamples below. The expression “‘B’ was used instead of ‘A’” used indescribing Synthesis Examples below means that the number of molarequivalents of ‘B’ used was identical to the number of molar equivalentsof ‘A’”.

EXAMPLES Synthesis Examples Synthesis Example 1: Synthesis of Compound1-3

Synthesis of Intermediate 1-3

0.04 mol of Intermediate 1-1, 0.04 mol of Intermediate 1-2, 2 mmol oftetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium, 20 ml of 2M K₂CO₃ aqueoussolution, 20 ml of ethanol, and 50 ml of toluene were mixed together,and then, the mixed solution was stirred for 4 hours while being heatedat a temperature of about 120° C. After completion of the reaction, anextraction process was performed thereon using ethyl acetate anddistilled water. An organic layer collected therefrom was dried usinganhydrous magnesium sulfate, and then, filtered. The filtrate wasconcentrated under reduced pressure, and the resulting product waspurified by column chromatography, thereby completing the preparation ofIntermediate 1-3.

Synthesis of Intermediate 1-4

0.03 mol of Intermediate 1-3 was dissolved in 100 ml of TFT, and then,the mixed solution was cooled down to a temperature of −78° C. 0.07 molof 2.5M n-butyl lithium was added thereto, and after one hour, 0.07 molof isopropyl borate was added to the reaction solution. The resultingreaction solution was then stirred under reflux for 17 hours. Aftercompletion of the reaction, an extraction process was performed thereonusing ethyl acetate and distilled water. An organic layer collectedtherefrom was dried using anhydrous magnesium sulfate, and then,filtered. The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure, therebycompleting the preparation of Intermediate 1-4.

Synthesis of Compound 1-3

0.02 mol of Intermediate 1-4, 0.03 mol of 4-bromo-dibenzo[b,d]furan, 1mmol of Pd(PPh₃)₄, 0.04 mol of K₂CO₃ aqueous solution, 100 ml oftoluene, 25 ml of EtOH, and 25 ml of H₂O were mixed together, and then,the mixed solution was stirred under reflux for 13 hours. Aftercompletion of the reaction, an extraction process was performed thereonusing dichloromethane and distilled water. An organic layer collectedtherefrom was dried using anhydrous magnesium sulfate, and then,filtered. The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure, and theresulting product was purified by column chromatography, therebycompleting the preparation of Compound 1-3.

T₁ (triplet energy of Compound 1-3)=2.2 eV

Synthesis Example 2: Synthesis of Compound 2-8

Synthesis of Compound 2-8

0.02 mol of Intermediate 2-1 and 0.02 mol of Intermediate 2-2, 0.06 molof sodium t-butoxide, and 1 mmol of tri-tert-butylphosphine weredissolved in 100 ml of toluene, and then, 1 mmol of Pd(dba)₂ was addedthereto. Then, the mixed solution was stirred under reflux for 12 hoursin a nitrogen atmosphere. After completion of the reaction, anextraction process was performed thereon using toluene and distilledwater. An organic layer collected therefrom was dried using anhydrousmagnesium sulfate, and then filtered. The filtrate was concentratedunder reduced pressure. The resulting product was purified by columnchromatography using normal hexane/dichloromethane (at a volume ratio of2:1), thereby completing the preparation of Compound 2-8.

T₁ (triplet energy of Compound 2-8)=2.6 eV

Synthesis Example 3: Compound 3-1

Synthesis of Compound 3-1

0.05 mol of Intermediate 3-1, 0.02 mol of Intermediate 3-2, 0.8 mol ofsodium t-butoxide, and 1 mmol of tri-tert-butylphosphine were dissolvedin 100 ml of toluene, and 2 mmol of Pd(dba)₂ was added thereto. Then,the mixed solution was stirred under reflux for 12 hours in a nitrogenatmosphere. After completion of the reaction, an extraction process wasperformed thereon using toluene and distilled water. An organic layercollected therefrom was dried using anhydrous magnesium sulfate, andthen, filtered. The resulting product was purified by columnchromatography, thereby completing the preparation of Compound 3-1.

T₁ (triplet energy of Compound 3-1)=2.0 eV

Synthesis Example 4: Synthesis of Compound 4-5

Synthesis of Intermediate 4-1

0.02 mol of 1-bromo-2-nitrobenzene, 0.022 mol ofdibenzo[b,d]furan-3-ylboronic acid, 1 mmol oftetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium, 30 ml of 2M K₂CO₃ aqueoussolution, 30 ml of ethanol, and 60 ml of toluene were mixed together,and then, the mixed solution was stirred for 4 hours while being heatedat a temperature of 120° C. After completion of the reaction, anextraction process was performed thereon using ethyl acetate anddistilled water. An organic layer collected therefrom was dried usinganhydrous magnesium sulfate, and then, filtered. The filtrate wasconcentrated under reduced pressure, and the resulting product waspurified by column chromatography, thereby completing the preparation ofIntermediate 4-1.

Synthesis of Intermediate 4-2

0.02 mol Intermediate 4-1, 60 ml of triethylphosphite, and 30 ml of1,2-dichlorobenzene were mixed together, and then, the mixed solutionwas stirred for 12 hours while being heated at a temperature of 150° C.After completion of the reaction, a distillation apparatus was usedthereon to remove unreacted triethylphosphite and unreacted1,2-dichlorobenzene, and an extraction process was performed thereonusing ethyl acetate and distilled water. An organic layer collectedtherefrom was dried using anhydrous magnesium sulfate, and then,filtered. The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure, and theresulting product was purified by column chromatography, therebycompleting the preparation of Intermediate 4-2.

Synthesis of Compound 4-5

4 mmol of NaH solution was dissolved in dimethylformamide, and then, themixed solution was stirred. After 3 mmol of Intermediate 4-2 wasdissolved in separate dimethylformamide, the resulting solution wasadded to the NaH to be stirred. The mixed solution was stirred for 1hour, and then, mixed with a solution in which 3.5 mmol of2-(3-bromophenyl)-4,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-triazine was dissolved and stirredfor 1 hour in DMF. Then, the reaction solution was stirred for 24 hoursat room temperature. After completion of the reaction, the resultingsolid product was filtered, washed using ethyl acetate, and then,purified by column chromatography, thereby completing the preparation ofCompound 4-5.

T₁ (triplet energy of Compound 4-5)=2.5 eV

Synthesis Example 5: Synthesis of Compound 5-3

Synthesis of Intermediate 5-1

0.04 mol of dibenzofuran-4-ylboronic acid, 0.05 mol of1-bromo-3-iodobenzene, 2 mmol of Pd(PPh₃)₄, 0.08 mol K₂CO₃ aqueoussolution, 100 ml of toluene, 25 ml of EtOH, and 25 ml of H₂O were mixedtogether in a 250 ml round-bottomed flask, and then, the mixed solutionwas stirred under reflux for 4 hours. After completion of the reaction,an extraction process was performed thereon using dichloromethane anddistilled water. An organic layer collected therefrom was dried usinganhydrous magnesium sulfate, and then filtered. The resulting productwas purified by column chromatography, thereby completing thepreparation of Intermediate 5-1.

Synthesis of Intermediate 5-2

0.03 mol of Intermediate 5-1 was added to a 500 ml round-bottomed flask,and then, 100 ml of THF was added thereto. The mixed solution was cooleddown to a temperature −78° C. 0.05 mol of 2.5M n-butyl lithium was addedto the resulting solution, and after one hour, 0.05 mol of isopropylborate was added thereto. The reaction solution was then stirred underreflux for 17 hours. After completion of the reaction, an extractionprocess was performed thereon using ethyl acetate and distilled water.An organic layer collected therefrom was dried using anhydrous magnesiumsulfate, and then, filtered. The filtrate was concentrated under reducedpressure, thereby completing the preparation of Intermediate 5-2.

Synthesis of Intermediate 5-3

0.02 mol of Intermediate 5-2, 0.03 mol of 1-phenyl-3,5-dichloropyridine,1 mmol of Pd(PPh₃)₄, 0.04 mol of K₂CO₃ aqueous solution, 100 mol oftoluene, 25 ml of EtOH, and 25 ml of H₂O were mixed together in a 1 Lround-bottomed flask, and then, the mixed solution was stirred underreflux for 13 hours. After completion of the reaction, an extractionprocess was performed thereon using dichloromethane and distilled water.An organic layer collected therefrom was dried using anhydrous magnesiumsulfate, and then, filtered. The resulting product was purified bycolumn chromatography, thereby completing the preparation ofIntermediate 5-3.

Synthesis of Compound 5-3

0.01 mol of Intermediate 5-3, 0.012 mol of(3-(9-carbazole-9-yl)phenyl)boronic acid, 0.015 mol of NaH, and 150 mlof dimethylformamide were mixed together, and then, the mixed solutionwas stirred for 5 hours at room temperature. After completion of thereaction, an extraction process was performed thereon using ethylacetate and distilled water. Then, an organic layer collected therefromwas dried using anhydrous magnesium sulfate, and filtered to remove thesolvent. The resulting product was purified by column chromatography,thereby completing the preparation of Compound 5-3.

T₁ (triplet energy of Compound 5-3)=2.6 eV

Example 1-1

An indium tin oxide (ITO) glass substrate (available from Corning Inc.)with an ITO layer having a thickness of 15 Ω/cm² (1,200 Å) thereon wascut to a size of 50 mm×50 mm×0.5 mm, sonicated by using isopropylalcohol and pure water each for 15 minutes, and cleaned by exposure toultraviolet rays for 30 minutes and then ozone, and the resulting ITOglass anode was mounted on a vacuum deposition apparatus.

On the ITO glass anode, Compound 1-9 was vacuum-deposited to form a holetransport layer (e.g., first layer) having a thickness of about 1,200 Å.Compound 4-5 (as a host) and PD17 (as a dopant) were next co-depositedon the hole transport layer at a weight ratio of about 95:5 to form anemission layer (e.g., second layer) having a thickness of about 300 Å.

Compound 5-3 was then vacuum-deposited on the emission layer to form afirst electron transport layer (e.g., third layer) having a thickness ofabout 100 Å, followed by vacuum deposition of BAlq on the first electrontransport layer to form a second electron transport layer having athickness of about 300 Å. LiF was vacuum-deposited on the secondelectron transport layer to form an electron injection layer having athickness of about 10 Å.

Thereafter, Al was vacuum-deposited on the electron injection layer toform a cathode having a thickness of about 2,000 Å, thereby completingthe manufacture of an organic light-emitting device.

Examples 1-2 to 1-5

Organic light-emitting devices were manufactured in the same (orsubstantially the same) manner as in Example 1-1, except that materialsas shown in Table 1 were used.

Comparative Example 1-1

An organic light-emitting device was manufactured in the same (orsubstantially the same) manner as in Example 1-1, except that CBP wasused instead of Compound 4-5 in forming the emission layer.

Comparative Example 1-2

An organic light-emitting device was manufactured in the same (orsubstantially the same) manner as in Example 1-1, except that a firstelectron transport layer was not formed, and BAlq was vacuum-depositedon the emission layer to form an electron transport layer having athickness of about 400 Å.

Example 2-1

An ITO glass substrate (available from Corning Inc.) with an ITO layerhaving a thickness of 15 Ω/cm² (1,200 Å) thereon was cut to a size of 50mm×50 mm×0.5 mm, sonicated by using isopropyl alcohol and pure watereach for 15 minutes, and cleaned by exposure to ultraviolet rays for 30minutes and then ozone, and the resulting ITO glass anode was mounted ona vacuum deposition apparatus.

On the ITO glass anode, Compound 1-9 was vacuum-deposited to form afirst hole transport layer (e.g., first layer) having a thickness ofabout 1,100 Å. Compound 2-8 was next vacuum-deposited on the first holetransport layer to form a second hole transport layer (e.g., secondlayer) having a thickness of about 100 Å. Compound 4-5 (as a host) andPD17 (as a dopant) were next co-deposited on the second hole transportlayer at a weight ratio of about 95:5 to form an emission layer (e.g.,third layer) having a thickness of about 300 Å.

Thereafter, BAlq was vacuum-deposited on the emission layer to form anelectron transport layer having a thickness of 400 Å. LiF wasvacuum-deposited on the electron transport layer to form an electroninjection layer having a thickness of about 10 Å, and Al wasvacuum-deposited on the electron injection layer to form a cathodehaving a thickness of about 2,000 Å, thereby completing the manufactureof an organic light-emitting device.

Examples 2-2 to 2-5

Organic light-emitting devices were manufactured in the same (orsubstantially the same) manner as in Example 2-1, except that materialsas shown in Table 2 were used.

Comparative Example 2-1

An organic light-emitting device was manufactured in the same (orsubstantially the same) manner as in Example 2-1, except that CBP wasused instead of Compound 4-5 in forming the emission layer.

Comparative Example 2-2

An organic light-emitting device was manufactured in the same (orsubstantially the same) manner as in Example 2-1, except that compoundHT3 was used instead of Compound 2-8 in forming the second holetransport layer.

Comparative Example 2-3

An organic light-emitting device was manufactured in the same (orsubstantially the same) manner as in Example 2-1, except that NPB wasused instead of Compound 1-9 in forming the first hole transport layer,and Compound 2-4 was used instead of Compound 2-8 in forming the secondhole transport layer.

Example 3-1

An ITO glass substrate (available from Corning Inc.) with an ITO layerhaving a thickness of 15 Ω/cm² (1,200 Å) thereon was cut to a size of 50mm×50 mm×0.5 mm, sonicated by using isopropyl alcohol and pure watereach for 15 minutes, and cleaned by exposure to ultraviolet rays for 30minutes and then ozone, and the resulting ITO glass anode was mounted ona vacuum deposition apparatus.

On the ITO glass anode, Compound 1-9 was vacuum-deposited to form a holetransport layer (e.g., first layer) having a thickness of about 1,200 Å.Compound ADN (as a host) and Compound 3-1 (as a dopant) were nextco-deposited on the hole transport layer at a weight ratio of about 95:5to form an emission layer (e.g., second layer) having a thickness ofabout 300 Å.

Compound 5-3 was then vacuum-deposited on the emission layer to form afirst electron transport layer (e.g., third layer) having a thickness ofabout 100 Å, followed by vacuum deposition of Alq₃ on the first electrontransport layer to form a second electron transport layer having athickness of about 300 Å. LiF was vacuum-deposited on the secondelectron transport layer to form an electron injection layer having athickness of about 10 Å.

Thereafter, Al was vacuum-deposited on the electron injection layer toform a cathode having a thickness of about 2,000 Å, thereby completingthe manufacture of an organic light-emitting device.

Examples 3-2 to 3-5

Organic light-emitting devices were manufactured in the same (orsubstantially the same) manner as in Example 3-1, except that materialsas shown in Table 3 were used.

Comparative Example 3-1

An organic light-emitting device was manufactured in the same (orsubstantially the same) manner as in Example 3-1, except that compoundFD1 (illustrated below) was used instead of Compound 3-1 in forming theemission layer.

Comparative Example 3-2

An organic light-emitting device was manufactured in the same (orsubstantially the same) manner as in Example 3-1, except that a firstelectron transport layer was not formed, and Alq₃ was vacuum-depositedon the emission layer to form an electron transport layer having athickness of about 400 Å.

Example 4-1

An ITO glass substrate (available from Corning Inc.) with an ITO layerhaving a thickness of 15 Ω/cm² (1,200 Å) thereon was cut to a size of 50mm×50 mm×0.5 mm, sonicated by using isopropyl alcohol and pure watereach for 15 minutes, and cleaned by exposure to ultraviolet rays for 30minutes and then ozone, and the resulting ITO glass anode was mounted ona vacuum deposition apparatus.

On the ITO glass anode, Compound 1-9 was vacuum-deposited to form afirst hole transport layer (e.g., first layer) having a thickness ofabout 1,100 Å. Compound 2-8 was next vacuum-deposited on the first holetransport layer to form a second hole transport layer (e.g., secondlayer) having a thickness of about 100 Å. Compound ADN (as a host) andCompound 3-1 (as a dopant) were next co-deposited on the second holetransport layer at a weight ratio of about 95:5 to form an emissionlayer (e.g., third layer) having a thickness of about 300 Å.

Thereafter, Alq₃ was vacuum-deposited on the emission layer to form anelectron transport layer having a thickness of 400 Å. LiF wasvacuum-deposited on the electron transport layer to form an electroninjection layer having a thickness of about 10 Å, and Al wasvacuum-deposited on the electron injection layer to form a cathodehaving a thickness of about 2,000 Å, thereby completing the manufactureof an organic light-emitting device.

Examples 4-2 to 4-5

Organic light-emitting devices were manufactured in the same (orsubstantially the same) manner as in Example 4-1, except that materialsas shown in Table 4 were used.

Comparative Example 4-1

An organic light-emitting device was manufactured in the same (orsubstantially the same) manner as in Example 4-1, except that compoundFD1 was used instead of Compound 3-1 in forming the emission layer.

Comparative Example 4-2

An organic light-emitting device was manufactured in the same (orsubstantially the same) manner as in Example 4-1, except that compoundHT3 was used instead of Compound 2-8 in forming the second holetransport layer.

Evaluation Example 1

The efficiency and T90 lifespan of organic light-emitting devicesmanufactured in Examples 1-1 to 1-5, 2-1 to 2-5, 3-1 to 3-5, and 4-1 to4-5 and Comparative Examples 1-1, 1-2, 2-1 to 2-3, 3-1, 3-2, 4-1, and4-2 were measured using a luminance meter PR650 (PhotoResearch, Inc.).The results are shown in Tables 1 to 4. The T90 lifespan indicates atime that it took for the luminance of the organic light-emitting deviceto decline to 90% of its initial luminance, under a luminance conditionof 150 nits.

TABLE 1 Hole First electron transport transport layer Host layerEfficiency Lifespan material material material (cd/A) (T90, hr) Example1-1 1-9 4-5  5-3 22.1 126 Example 1-2 1-9 4-10 5-4 22.8 139 Example 1-31-3 4-5  5-3 21.7 151 Example 1-4 1-3 4-11 5-8 20.9 140 Example 1-5 1-74-11 5-6 22.5 163 Comparative 1-9 CBP 5-3 16.2 58 Example 1-1Comparative 1-9 4-5  — 12.7 65 Example 1-2

TABLE 2 Second First hole hole transport transport layer layer HostEfficiency Lifespan material material material (cd/A) (T90, hr) Example2-1 1-9 2-8 4-5 19.8 137 Example 2-2 1-9 2-5 5-2 21.5 148 Example 2-31-3 2-8 4-5 20.9 120 Example 2-4 1-3 2-5 5-9 19.5 131 Example 2-5 1-72-4 5-1 20.3 145 Comparative 1-9 2-8 CBP 16.4 73 Example 2-1 Comparative1-9 HT3 4-5 15.2 78 Example 2-2 Comparative NPB 2-4 4-5 18.2 102 Example2-3

TABLE 3 Hole First electron transport transport layer Dopant layerEfficiency Lifespan material material material (cd/A) (T90, hr) Example3-1 1-9 3-1 5-3 5.8 55 Example 3-2 1-9 3-2 5-4 5.4 61 Example 3-3 1-33-1 5-3 5.3 51 Example 3-4 1-3 3-2 5-8 5.7 70 Example 3-5 1-7 3-1 5-65.9 82 Comparative 1-9 FD1 5-3 4.9 33 Example 3-1 Comparative 1-9 3-1 —4.4 29 Example 3-2

TABLE 4 First hole Second hole transport transport layer layer DopantEfficiency Lifespan material material material (cd/A) (T90, hr) Example4-1 1-9 2-8 3-1 5.1 60 Example 4-2 1-9 2-5 3-2 5.3 75 Example 4-3 1-32-8 3-1 4.9 55 Example 4-4 1-3 2-5 3-2 5.3 83 Example 4-5 1-7 2-4 3-15.4 88 Comparative 1-9 2-8 FD1 4.3 21 Example 4-1 Comparative 1-9 HT33-1 4.5 27 Example 4-2

Referring to Tables 1 to 4, it was found that the organic light-emittingdevices manufactured in Examples 1-1 to 1-5, 2-1 to 2-5, 3-1 to 3-5, and4-1 to 4-5 had excellent efficiency and lifespan, as compared to theorganic light-emitting devices manufactured in Comparative Examples 1-1,1-2, 2-1 to 2-3, 3-1, 3-2, 4-1, and 4-2.

As described above, an organic light-emitting device according toembodiments of the present disclosure may have low-driving voltage,improved efficiency, and long lifespan.

As used herein, the terms “use,” “using,” and “used” may be consideredsynonymous with the terms “utilize,” “utilizing,” and “utilized,”respectively.

In addition, as used herein, the terms “substantially,” “about,” andsimilar terms are used as terms of approximation and not as terms ofdegree, and are intended to account for the inherent deviations inmeasured or calculated values that would be recognized by those ofordinary skill in the art.

Also, any numerical range recited herein is intended to include allsubranges of the same numerical precision subsumed within the recitedrange. For example, a range of “1.0 to 10.0” is intended to include allsubranges between (and including) the recited minimum value of 1.0 andthe recited maximum value of 10.0, that is, having a minimum value equalto or greater than 1.0 and a maximum value equal to or less than 10.0,such as, for example, 2.4 to 7.6. Any maximum numerical limitationrecited herein is intended to include all lower numerical limitationssubsumed therein and any minimum numerical limitation recited in thisspecification is intended to include all higher numerical limitationssubsumed therein. Accordingly, Applicant reserves the right to amendthis specification, including the claims, to expressly recite anysub-range subsumed within the ranges expressly recited herein.

It should be understood that example embodiments described herein shouldbe considered in a descriptive sense only and not for purposes oflimitation. Descriptions of features or aspects within each exampleembodiment should typically be considered as available for other similarfeatures or aspects in other example embodiments.

While one or more example embodiments have been described with referenceto the drawing, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in theart that various changes in form and details may be made therein withoutdeparting from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure as definedby the following claims and equivalents thereof.

What is claimed is:
 1. An organic light-emitting device comprising: afirst electrode; a second electrode facing the first electrode; a firstlayer between the first electrode and the second electrode, the firstlayer comprising a first compound; a second layer between the firstlayer and the second electrode, the second layer comprising a secondcompound; and a third layer between the second layer and the secondelectrode, the third layer comprising a third compound; wherein thefirst compound does not comprise a nitrogen-containing heterocyclicgroup comprising *═N—*′ as a ring forming moiety, and wherein the firstcompound is selected from compounds represented by Formulae 1-1 to 1-3,Formulae 2H-1, 2D-1, 2D-2, Formulae 3-1 and 3-2, the second compound isselected from compounds represented by Formulae 1-1 to 1-3, Formulae2D-1 and 2D-2, and the third compound is selected from compoundsrepresented by Formulae 2H-1, 2D-1, 2D-2, Formulae 3-1 and 3-2:

wherein, in Formulae 1-1, 1-2, 1-3, 2H-1, 2D-1, 2D-2, 3-1, and 3-2, X₁is C(R₄₁) or N, X₂ is C(R₄₂) or N, X₃ is C(R₄₃) or N, L₂₁ to L₂₄, L₃₁ toL₃₄, and L₄₁ to L₄₃ are each independently selected from a substitutedor unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkylene group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkylene group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenylene group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenylene group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ arylene group, a substituted or unsubstitutedC₁-C₆₀ heteroarylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted divalentnon-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a substituted orunsubstituted divalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group,L₂₅ is selected from a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkylenegroup, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkylene group,a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenylene group, asubstituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenylene group, asubstituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ non-condensed arylene group, and asubstituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ non-condensed heteroarylene group,L₃₅ is selected from a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ condensedpolycyclic arylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀condensed polycyclic heteroarylene group, a substituted or unsubstituteddivalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a substituted orunsubstituted divalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, b1to b5, d1 to d5, and g1 to g3 are each independently an integer selectedfrom 0 to 3, Ar₂₁ to Ar₂₄, Ar₃₁ to Ar₃₄, and Ar₄₁ to Ar₄₃ are eachindependently a group selected from groups represented by Formulae A toC, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a substitutedor unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstitutedC₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀aryl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstitutedmonovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a substituted orunsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group,R₂₁ to R₂₄, R₃₁, and R₄₁ to R₄₄ are each independently selected fromhydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group,a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, ahydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonicacid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof,a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstitutedC₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ alkoxygroup, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, asubstituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, asubstituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀aryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, asubstituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a substituted orunsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, asubstituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensedheteropolycyclic group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, and—Si(Q₄₃)(Q₄₄)(Q₄₅), c1, c4, h1, and h4 are each independently an integerselected from 0 to 4, e1 is an integer selected from 0 to 4, and c2, c3,h2, and h3 are each independently an integer selected from 0 to 3, inFormula 1-1, at least one selected from Ar₂₁ to Ar₂₃ is a group selectedfrom groups represented by Formulae A to C, in Formula 1-2, at least oneselected from Ar₂₁ to Ar₂₄ is a group selected from groups representedby Formulae A to C, in Formula 1-3, at least one selected from Ar₂₁ andAr₂₂ is a group selected from groups represented by Formulae A to C, inFormula 2H-1, Ar₃₁ is a group selected from groups represented byFormulae A to C, in Formula 2D-1, at least one selected from Ar₃₁ toAr₃₄ is a group selected from groups represented by Formulae A to C, inFormula 2D-2, at least one selected from Ar₃₁ to Ar₃₃ is a groupselected from groups represented by Formulae A to C, wherein the groupselected from groups represented by Formulae A to C comprises—N(Q₁)(Q₂), in Formula 3-1, at least one selected from Ar₄₁ to Ar₄₃ is agroup selected from groups represented by Formulae A to C, in Formula3-2, one selected from Ar₄₁ and Ar₄₂ is a group selected from groupsrepresented by Formulae A to C, and at least one substituent of thesubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkylene group, substituted C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkylene group, substituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenylene group,substituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenylene group, substituted C₆-C₆₀arylene group, substituted C₆-C₆₀ non-condensed arylene group,substituted C₆-C₆₀ condensed polycyclic arylene group, substitutedC₁-C₆₀ heteroarylene group, substituted C₁-C₆₀ non-condensedheteroarylene group, substituted C₁-C₆₀ condensed polycyclicheteroarylene group, substituted divalent non-aromatic condensedpolycyclic group, substituted divalent non-aromatic condensedheteropolycyclic group, substituted C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, substitutedC₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, substituted C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, substitutedC₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, substituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, substitutedC₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, substituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group,substituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, substituted C₆-C₆₀ arylgroup, substituted C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, substituted C₆-C₆₀ arylthiogroup, substituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, substituted monovalentnon-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and substituted monovalentnon-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group is selected from:deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitrogroup, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazonegroup, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid groupor a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₆₀alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, and aC₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group; a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, aC₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, and a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, each substituted withat least one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxylgroup, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, ahydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a saltthereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acidgroup or a salt thereof, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, aC₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a monovalentnon-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a monovalent non-aromaticcondensed heteropolycyclic group, and —Si(Q₁₃)(Q₁₄)(Q₁₅); a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenylgroup, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, amonovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a monovalentnon-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, a biphenyl group, and aterphenyl group; a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkylgroup, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, aC₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, aC₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclicgroup, and a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group,each substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl,—Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group,an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylicacid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, aphosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenylgroup, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, amonovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a monovalentnon-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, a biphenyl group, aterphenyl group, and —Si(Q₂₃)(Q₂₄)(Q₂₅); and —Si(Q₃₃)(Q₃₄)(Q₃₅), whereinQ₁₃ to Q₁₅, Q₂₃ to Q₂₅, Q₃₃ to Q₃₅, and Q₄₃ to Q₄₅ are eachindependently selected from hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, ahydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidinogroup, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group ora salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoricacid group or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenylgroup, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenylgroup, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₁-C₆₀heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group,a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, a biphenylgroup, and a terphenyl group wherein the first compound, the secondcompound, and the third compound each independently comprise at leastone group selected from groups represented by Formulae A to C:

wherein, in Formulae A to C, ring A₁, ring A₁₁, and ring A₁₂ are eachindependently selected from a C₅-C₃₀ carbocyclic group and a C₂-C₃₀heterocyclic group, R₁, R₂, R₁₁, and R₁₂ are each independently selectedfrom: hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyanogroup, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazinegroup, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, asulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a saltthereof, a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynylgroup, and a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group; a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenylgroup, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, and a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, eachsubstituted with at least one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I,a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, anamidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acidgroup or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, and aphosphoric acid group or a salt thereof; a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, aC₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, aC₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a monovalentnon-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a monovalent non-aromaticcondensed heteropolycyclic group; a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, aC₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a monovalentnon-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a monovalent non-aromaticcondensed heteropolycyclic group, each substituted with at least oneselected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyanogroup, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazinegroup, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, asulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a saltthereof, a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynylgroup, a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, aC₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a monovalentnon-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a monovalent non-aromaticcondensed heteropolycyclic group; and —N(Q₁)(Q₂), —Si(Q₃)(Q₄)(Q₅), and—B(Q₆)(Q₇), wherein Q₁ to Q₇ are each independently selected fromhydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group,a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, ahydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonicacid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof,a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, aC₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₁-C₆₀ heteroarylgroup, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and amonovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, a1, a11, anda12 are each independently an integer selected from 0 to 10, a2 is aninteger selected from 0 to 2, wherein * and *′ each indicate a bindingsite to an adjacent atom.
 2. The organic light-emitting device of claim1, wherein at least two selected from the first compound, the secondcompound, and the third compound have a triplet energy of 2.4 eV orgreater.
 3. The organic light-emitting device of claim 1, wherein eachof the first compound, the second compound, and the third compound hasan asymmetrical structure.
 4. The organic light-emitting device of claim1, wherein ring A₁, ring A₁₁, and ring A₁₂ are each independentlyselected from a benzene group, a naphthalene group, a fluorene group, abenzofluorene group, a pyridine group, a pyrimidine group, a carbazolegroup, a benzocarbazole group, and a dibenzothiophene group.
 5. Theorganic light-emitting device of claim 1, wherein, in Formulae A to C,R₁, R₂, R₁₁, and R₁₂ are each independently selected from: hydrogen,deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitrogroup, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazonegroup, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid groupor a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₂₀alkyl group, and a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group; a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group and aC₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, each substituted with at least one selected fromdeuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitrogroup, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazonegroup, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid groupor a salt thereof, and a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof; aphenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a fluorenyl group, anaphthyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a triazinylgroup, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a quinazolinyl group,and a quinoxalinyl group; a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenylgroup, a fluorenyl group, a naphthyl group, a pyridinyl group, apyrimidinyl group, a triazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, anisoquinolinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, and a quinoxalinyl group,each substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl,—Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group,an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylicacid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, aphosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₁₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀alkoxy group, and a C₆-C₁₆ aryl group; and —N(Q₁)(Q₂), —Si(Q₃)(Q₄)(Q₅),and —B(Q₆)(Q₇), wherein Q₁ to Q₇ are each independently selected from aC₁-C₁₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenylgroup, a terphenyl group, a fluorenyl group, and a naphthyl group. 6.The organic light-emitting device of claim 1, wherein the firstcompound, the second compound, and the third compound each independentlycomprise at least one group selected from groups represented by FormulaeA(1), A(2), B(1) to B(4), and C(1) to C(16):

wherein, in Formulae A(1), A(2), B(1) to B(4), and C(1) to C(16), R_(1a)to R_(1d) are defined as R₁, R_(2a) and R_(2b) are defined as R₂,R_(11a) to R_(11h) are defined as R₁, R_(12a) to R_(12d) are defined asR₁₂, and * indicates a binding site to an adjacent atom.
 7. The organiclight-emitting device of claim 1, wherein the third compound comprises anitrogen-containing heterocyclic group comprising *═N—*′ as a ringforming moiety.
 8. The organic light-emitting device of claim 1, whereinthe first compound is selected from compounds represented by Formulae1-1 to 1-3 and the second compound is selected from compoundsrepresented by Formulae 1-1 to 1-3, 2D-1 and 2D-2.
 9. The organic lightemitting device according to claim 1, wherein the first compound and thesecond compound are compounds represented by Formulae 1-1 to 1-3independently of each other, the first compound and the second compoundare different from each other.
 10. The organic light-emitting device ofclaim 1, wherein the first compound and the second compound are eachindependently selected from compounds represented by Formulae 1-1, 1-2,and 1-3, the first compound being different from the second compound,and the third compound is selected from compounds represented byFormulae 2H-1, 3-1, and 3-2.
 11. The organic light-emitting device ofclaim 1, wherein the first compound and the second compound are eachindependently selected from compounds represented by Formulae 1-1, 1-2,and 1-3, the first compound being different from the second compound,and the third compound is selected from compounds represented byFormulae 2D-1 and 2D-2.
 12. The organic light-emitting device of claim1, wherein the first compound is selected from compounds represented byFormulae 1-1(1) to 1-1(4), 1-2(1), 1-3(1), 2H-1(1) to 2H-1(4), 2D-1(1)to 2D-1(4), 2D-2(1), 2D-2(2), 3-1(1), 3-1(2), and 3-2(1), the secondcompound is each selected from compounds represented by Formulae 1-1(1)to 1-1(4), 1-2(1), 1-3(1), 2D-1(1) to 2D-1(4), 2D-2(1), and 2D-2(2), andthe third compound is selected from compounds represented by Formulae2H-1(1) to 2H-1(4), 2D-1(1) to 2D-1(4), 2D-2(1), 2D-2(2), 3-1(1),3-1(2), and 3-2(1):

wherein, in Formulae 1-1(1) to 1-1(4), 1-2(1), 1-3(1), 2H-1(1) to2H-1(4), 2D-1(1) to 2D-1(4), 2D-2(1), 2D-2(2), 3-1(1), 3-1(2), and3-2(1), Z₁ to Z₅ are each independently selected from: deuterium, —F,—Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an aminogroup, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, acarboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a saltthereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₆₀ alkylgroup, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, and a C₁-C₆₀alkoxy group; a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀alkynyl group, and a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, each substituted with at leastone selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyanogroup, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazinegroup, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, asulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a saltthereof, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, aC₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₁-C₆₀heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group,a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, and—Si(Q₁₃)(Q₁₄)(Q₁₅); a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkylgroup, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, aC₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, aC₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclicgroup, and a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group; aC₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylgroup, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₁-C₆₀heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group,and a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, eachsubstituted with at least one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I,a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, anamidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acidgroup or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, aphosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenylgroup, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, amonovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a monovalentnon-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, and —Si(Q₂₃)(Q₂₄)(Q₂₅);and —Si(Q₃₃)(Q₃₄)(Q₃₅), wherein Q₁₃ to Q₁₅, Q₂₃ to Q₂₅, and Q₃₃ to Q₃₅are each independently selected from hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br,—I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, anamidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acidgroup or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, aphosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenylgroup, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₁-C₆₀heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group,and a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, f1 is aninteger selected from 0 to 4, f2 is an integer selected from 0 to 3, f3is an integer selected from 0 to 5, and f4 is an integer selected from 0to 2, in Formula 1-1(1), at least one selected from Ar₂₂ and Ar₂₃ is agroup selected from groups represented by Formulae A to C, in Formula1-1(2), at least one selected from Ar₂₂ and Ar₂₃ is a group selectedfrom groups represented by Formulae A to C, in Formula 1-1(3), at leastone selected from Ar₂₁ to Ar₂₃ is a group selected from groupsrepresented by Formulae A to C, in Formula 1-1(4), at least one selectedfrom Ar₂₁ to Ar₂₃ is a group selected from groups represented byFormulae A to C, in Formula 1-2(1), at least one selected from of Ar₂₁to Ar₂₄ is a group selected from groups represented by Formulae A to C,in Formula 1-3(1), at least one selected from Ar₂₁ and Ar₂₂ is a groupselected from groups represented by Formulae A to C, in Formulae 2H-1(1)to 2H-1(4), Ar₃₁ is a group selected from groups represented by FormulaeA to C, in Formula 2D-1(1), at least one selected from Ar₃₁ to Ar₃₄ is agroup selected from groups represented by Formulae A to C, in Formula2D-1(2), at least one selected from Ar₃₁ to Ar₃₄ is a group selectedfrom groups represented by Formulae A to C, in Formula 2D-1(3), at leastone selected from Ar₃₁ to Ar₃₄ is a group selected from groupsrepresented by Formulae A to C, in Formula 2D-1(4), at least oneselected from Ar₃₁ to Ar₃₄ is a group selected from groups representedby Formulae A to C, in Formula 2D-2(1), at least one selected from Ar₃₂and Ar₃₃ is a group selected from groups represented by Formulae A to C,in Formula 2D-2(2), at least one selected from Ar₃₂ and Ar₃₃ is a groupselected from groups represented by Formulae A to C, in Formula 3-1(1),at least one selected from Ar₄₁ to Ar₄₃ is a group selected from groupsrepresented by Formulae A to C, in Formula 3-1(2), at least one selectedfrom Ar₄₁ to Ar₄₃ is a group selected from groups represented byFormulae A to C, and in Formula 3-2(1), one selected from Ar₄₁ and Ar₄₂is a group selected from groups represented by Formulae A to C.
 13. Theorganic light-emitting device of claim 12, wherein the first compound isa compound represented by any one of the chemical formulae 1-1 (1) to1-1 (4), 1-2 (1) and 1-3 (1).
 14. The organic light emitting deviceaccording to claim 12, wherein the first compound is represented byFormulas 1-1 (1) to 1-1 (4), 1-2 (1) and 1-3 (1) and the second compoundis represented by Formulae 1-1 (1) to 1-1 (4), 1-2 (1), 1-3 (1), 2D-1(1)to 2D-1(4), 2D-2(1), and 2D-2(2).
 15. The organic light emitting deviceaccording to claim 12, wherein the first compound and the secondcompound are independently represented by Formulas 1-1 (1) to 1-1 (4),1-2 (1) and 1-3 (1).
 16. The organic light-emitting device of claim 1,wherein the second layer is an emission layer, the second layer furthercomprises a dopant, and the first layer and the third layer eachdirectly contact the second layer.
 17. The organic light-emitting deviceof claim 1, wherein the third layer is an emission layer, the thirdlayer further comprises a dopant, and the second layer directly contactsthe third layer.
 18. The organic light-emitting device of claim 1,wherein the first compound is selected from Compounds 1-1 to 1-12, 2-1to 2-10, 3-1 to 3-12, 4-1 to 4-12 and 5-1 to 5-9, the second compound isselected from Compounds 1-1 to 1-12, 2-1 to 2-10 and 3-1 to 3-12, andthe third compound is selected from Compounds 3-1 to 3-12, 4-1 to 4-12,and 5-1 to 5-9:


19. The organic light-emitting device of claim 16, wherein the firstcompound is a compound selected from the group consisting of thecompounds 1-1 to 1-12 and 2-1 to 2-10, the second compound is a compoundselected from the group consisting of the compounds 1-1 to 1-12, 2-1 to2-10 and 3-1 to 3-12, and the third compound is a compound selected fromthe group consisting of the compounds 3-1 to 3-12, 4-1 to 4-12 and 5-1to 5-9.
 20. The organic light-emitting device of claim 16, wherein thefirst compound and the second compound are each independently selectedfrom Compounds 1-1 to 1-12 and 2-1 to 2-10, the first compound beingdifferent from the second compound, and the third compound is selectedfrom Compounds 3-1 to 3-12, 4-1 to 4-12, and 5-1 to 5-9.